Gogga Patrycja, Śliwińska Aleksandra, Aleksandrowicz-Wrona Ewa, Małgorzewicz Syliwa
Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Acta Biochim Pol. 2019 Feb 15;66(1):77-82. doi: 10.18388/abp.2018_2725.
Leptin is an important factor regulating appetite and energety metabolism; disturbances in its signaling are related to adiposity and contribute to the excessive body fat. About a third of the human population is overweight or suffers from obesity, as well as from associated medical conditions. It is well established that vegetarian, especially vegan, diet is very effective in lowering BMI and body fat, thus, plant-based diets are associated with a lower risk of obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma levels of leptin in lacto-ovo-vegetarian and vegan volunteers with normal BMI. The intake of energy and selected diet components such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and carbohydrates was also investigated. The study involved healthy women - 14 omnivores, 17 lacto-ovo-vegetarians, and 11 vegans. All women had a normal BMI (18.5-24.99). The plasma leptin levels were examined with immunoenzymatic test (ELISA). All participants were interviewed to estimate their nutrient intake by performing a 24-hour dietary recall. Both lacto-ovo-vegetarians and vegans had lower plasma leptin concentrations than their meat-consuming counterparts. Every analyzed diet group had a different body fat content, with the highest level in omnivores and the lowest in vegans. All participants had similar calorie, total fat, and total carbohydrates intake. Total PUFA and specifically omega-3 fatty acids consumption was lower in omnivores when compared to both types of plant diet; the same was found for fiber intake. Our results suggest that adopting a plant-based diet may be beneficial for energetic metabolism, as it significantly lowers the body fat storage and circulating leptin levels.
瘦素是调节食欲和能量代谢的重要因素；其信号传导紊乱与肥胖有关，并导致体脂过多。约三分之一的人口超重或患有肥胖症以及相关的医疗状况。众所周知，素食，尤其是纯素饮食，在降低体重指数（BMI）和体脂方面非常有效，因此，植物性饮食与较低的肥胖风险相关。本研究的目的是评估体重指数正常的蛋奶素食者和纯素志愿者的血浆瘦素水平。同时还调查了能量以及多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）和碳水化合物等特定饮食成分的摄入量。该研究纳入了健康女性——14名杂食者、17名蛋奶素食者和11名纯素者。所有女性的BMI均正常（18.5 - 24.99）。采用免疫酶试验（ELISA）检测血浆瘦素水平。通过进行24小时饮食回顾，对所有参与者进行访谈以估计其营养摄入量。蛋奶素食者和纯素者的血浆瘦素浓度均低于食肉的对照者。每个分析的饮食组的体脂含量不同，杂食者的体脂含量最高，纯素者的体脂含量最低。所有参与者的卡路里、总脂肪和总碳水化合物摄入量相似。与两种植物性饮食相比，杂食者的总PUFA，特别是ω-3脂肪酸的摄入量较低；膳食纤维摄入量也是如此。我们的结果表明，采用植物性饮食可能有利于能量代谢，因为它能显著降低体脂储存和循环瘦素水平。
