Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2019 May;29(5):467-473. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.01.012. Epub 2019 Feb 2.
Potential associations of vegetarian diet patterns with fasting insulin (FI) and insulin sensitivity remain unclear. We aimed to investigate whether vegetarian diets were associated with FI and insulin sensitivity in a cross-sectional study in Chinese vegetarians and matched omnivores and then to test whether it is independent of body mass index (BMI).
This study included 279 vegetarians (73 vegans, 206 lacto-ovo-vegetarians) and 279 age- and sex-matched omnivores. Fasting blood glucose (FG) and FI concentrations were measured, and β-cell function (HOMA-β) and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were used to evaluate insulin sensitivity. All blood glucose and insulin sensitivity indices were naturally log-transformed, and multiple-linear regression was used to determine the association between vegetarian diet patterns and insulin sensitivity after adjusting for confounders including BMI, visceral fat area, physical activity, sedentary time, income, alcohol consumption, and daily dietary intakes of macronutrients. Compared to omnivores, both vegan diet [β = -0.25, 95% CI: (-0.38, -0.14)] and lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet [β = -0.10, 95% CI: (-0.18, -0.01)] were negatively associated with HOMA-IR after adjusting for BMI. Vegan diet remained negatively associated with FI [β = -0.16, 95% CI: (-0.30, -0.01)] and HOMA-IR [β = -0.17, 95% CI: (-0.32, -0.03)] after adjusting for all confounders.
Vegetarian diet, especially vegan diet, is negatively associated with FI and IR, independent of BMI.
素食模式与空腹胰岛素（FI）和胰岛素敏感性之间的潜在关联尚不清楚。我们旨在研究素食者与年龄和性别匹配的杂食者之间的素食模式是否与 FI 和胰岛素敏感性相关，然后检验其是否独立于体重指数（BMI）。
本研究纳入了 279 名素食者（73 名严格素食者，206 名乳蛋素食者）和 279 名年龄和性别匹配的杂食者。测量空腹血糖（FG）和 FI 浓度，并使用β细胞功能（HOMA-β）和胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）评估胰岛素敏感性。所有血糖和胰岛素敏感性指数均进行自然对数转换，采用多元线性回归，在调整 BMI、内脏脂肪面积、体力活动、久坐时间、收入、饮酒和每日宏量营养素摄入量等混杂因素后，确定素食模式与胰岛素敏感性之间的关联。与杂食者相比，严格素食[β=-0.25，95%CI：（-0.38，-0.14）]和乳蛋素食[β=-0.10，95%CI：（-0.18，-0.01）]与 HOMA-IR 呈负相关，在调整 BMI 后。严格素食与 FI[β=-0.16，95%CI：（-0.30，-0.01）]和 HOMA-IR[β=-0.17，95%CI：（-0.32，-0.03）]仍呈负相关，在调整所有混杂因素后。
素食模式，尤其是严格素食模式，与 FI 和 IR 呈负相关，独立于 BMI。
