Gregory Simon P, Barnett Megan J, Field Lorraine P, Milodowski Antoni E
British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK.
Microorganisms. 2019 Feb 15;7(2):53. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms7020053.
Hydrogen is a key energy source for subsurface microbial processes, particularly in subsurface environments with limited alternative electron donors, and environments that are not well connected to the surface. In addition to consumption of hydrogen, microbial processes such as fermentation and nitrogen fixation produce hydrogen. Hydrogen is also produced by a number of abiotic processes including radiolysis, serpentinization, graphitization, and cataclasis of silicate minerals. Both biotic and abiotically generated hydrogen may become available for consumption by microorganisms, but biotic production and consumption are usually tightly coupled. Understanding the microbiology of hydrogen cycling is relevant to subsurface engineered environments where hydrogen-cycling microorganisms are implicated in gas consumption and production and corrosion in a number of industries including carbon capture and storage, energy gas storage, and radioactive waste disposal. The same hydrogen-cycling microorganisms and processes are important in natural sites with elevated hydrogen and can provide insights into early life on Earth and life on other planets. This review draws together what is known about microbiology in natural environments with elevated hydrogen, and highlights where similar microbial populations could be of relevance to subsurface industry.
氢是地下微生物过程的关键能源，特别是在替代电子供体有限的地下环境以及与地表联系不畅的环境中。除了消耗氢之外，发酵和固氮等微生物过程也会产生氢。氢还通过多种非生物过程产生，包括辐射分解、蛇纹石化、石墨化以及硅酸盐矿物的碎裂。生物产生的氢和非生物产生的氢都可能被微生物利用，但生物产生和消耗通常紧密耦合。了解氢循环的微生物学与地下工程环境相关，在碳捕获与封存、能源气体储存和放射性废物处置等多个行业中，涉及氢循环的微生物与气体消耗、生产及腐蚀有关。同样的氢循环微生物和过程在氢含量较高的自然场所也很重要，能够为了解地球早期生命和其他行星上的生命提供线索。本综述汇集了关于氢含量较高的自然环境中微生物学的已知信息，并强调了类似微生物种群在地下工业中可能具有相关性的领域。
