Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
J Colloid Interface Sci. 2019 Apr 15;542:429-440. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.02.023. Epub 2019 Feb 7.
Graphene oxide (GO) has gained popularity in scientific research and industry due to its superior properties, which can be controlled by the synthesis method and graphite feedstock. Despite the availability of different graphite sources, most of the reported studies used natural graphite flake (NGF) as a source of oxidation for GO synthesis. The effect of various alternative graphite feedstocks on the GO properties has not been investigated systematically. This study investigated the influence of graphite feedstock (natural and synthetic) on the characteristics and properties of GO via modified Hummer's method. Natural graphite flake (NGF), natural graphite powder (NGP), and synthetic graphite powder (SGP) were used as graphite feedstock in the study. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis revealed that the GO produced using NGP (NGP-GO) has higher oxygen to carbon ratio in comparison to GO made from NGF (NGF-GO) and GO made from SGP (SGP-GO) (35.4, 32.7, and 32.2%, respectively), indicating higher oxidation degree for NGP-GO. Zeta potential analysis for NGP-GO, NGF-GO and SGP-GO were -47.8, -42.6 and -39.4 mV, respectively. Morphological analysis revealed that the structures of GO varied according to graphite feedstock, in which (NGP-GO) and (NGF-GO) were highly exfoliated (single-layered structure) while (SGP-GO) showed a multi-layered structure. Further testing was conducted by decorating silver (Ag) nanoparticles on the GO. The results showed that Ag could be uniformly decorated (no agglomeration) on the surface of GO-NGP, due to the presence of more functional groups. Subsequently, the antimicrobial property of Ag-NGP was the highest with an inhibition diameter of 14.7 ± 1.2 mm (30% higher than the other samples). In conclusion, the properties of GO can be tuned by selecting the suitable graphite feedstock and this might pave the way to new developments in the GO-based applications.
氧化石墨烯（GO）因其优异的性能在科学研究和工业领域得到了广泛的关注，可以通过合成方法和石墨原料来控制其性能。尽管有不同的石墨来源，但大多数报道的研究都使用天然石墨鳞片（NGF）作为氧化石墨烯合成的原料。然而，不同替代石墨原料对 GO 性能的影响尚未得到系统研究。本研究通过改良的 Hummer 法，研究了石墨原料（天然和合成）对 GO 特性和性能的影响。本研究使用天然石墨鳞片（NGF）、天然石墨粉末（NGP）和合成石墨粉末（SGP）作为石墨原料。能谱分析显示，与 NGF-GO 和 SGP-GO 相比，NGP-GO 具有更高的氧碳比（分别为 35.4%、32.7%和 32.2%），表明 NGP-GO 的氧化程度更高。对 NGP-GO、NGF-GO 和 SGP-GO 的zeta 电位分析分别为-47.8、-42.6 和-39.4 mV。形态分析表明，GO 的结构根据石墨原料而变化，其中 NGP-GO 和 NGF-GO 高度剥离（单层结构），而 SGP-GO 则呈现多层结构。进一步在 GO 上修饰银（Ag）纳米粒子进行测试。结果表明，由于存在更多的官能团，Ag 可以均匀地（无团聚）修饰在 GO-NGP 的表面。随后，Ag-NGP 的抗菌性能最高，抑菌直径为 14.7±1.2mm（比其他样品高 30%）。总之，通过选择合适的石墨原料可以调整 GO 的性能，这可能为基于 GO 的应用开辟新的发展道路。
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