Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.
Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jan 10;24(2):1358. doi: 10.3390/ijms24021358.
The use of nanoparticles in medicine is sometimes hampered by their potential to activate immune cells, eliciting inflammation or allergy. We investigated whether magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) or biomimetic magnetic nanoparticles (BMNPs) affect relevant activities of human monocytes. We found that the nanoparticles neither elicited the production of pro-inflammatory mediators IL-6 and TNFα by resting monocytes (when BMNP dose < 300 μg/mL) nor enhanced their secretion induced by R848, a molecule engaging virus-recognizing receptors, or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MNPs and BMNPs neither induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nor affected the ROS production elicited by the NADPH oxidase activator phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or the fungal derivative β-glucan. BMNPs, but not MNPs, caused an up-regulation of the maturation markers CD80, CD83, and CD86 in immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs), whereas both nanoparticles did not affect the LPS-induced expression of these markers. Moreover, the nanoparticles were greedily ingested by monocytes and DCs without altering their viability. Therefore, these nanoparticles are candidates for medical applications because they do not activate pro-inflammatory activities of monocytes. Furthermore, their ability to stimulate DC maturation could be used for the design of vaccines. Moreover, harmlessly engulfed nanoparticles could be vehicles to carry molecules inside the immune cells to regulate the immune response.
纳米粒子在医学中的应用有时会受到其激活免疫细胞的潜力的阻碍，从而引发炎症或过敏。我们研究了磁性纳米粒子（MNPs）或仿生磁性纳米粒子（BMNPs）是否会影响人单核细胞的相关活性。我们发现，当 BMNP 剂量 < 300μg/mL 时，纳米粒子既不会引起静止单核细胞产生促炎介质 IL-6 和 TNFα，也不会增强其由 R848（一种参与病毒识别受体的分子）或细菌脂多糖（LPS）诱导的分泌。MNPs 和 BMNPs 既不会诱导活性氧物质（ROS）的产生，也不会影响 NADPH 氧化酶激活剂佛波醇肉豆蔻酸酯（PMA）或真菌衍生物β-葡聚糖诱导的 ROS 产生。BMNPs 但不是 MNPs，可引起未成熟单核细胞衍生树突状细胞（DCs）中成熟标志物 CD80、CD83 和 CD86 的上调，而这两种纳米粒子均不影响 LPS 诱导的这些标志物的表达。此外，这些纳米粒子可被单核细胞和 DCs 吞噬而不影响其活力。因此，这些纳米粒子是医学应用的候选物，因为它们不会激活单核细胞的促炎活性。此外，它们刺激 DC 成熟的能力可用于疫苗的设计。此外，无害吞噬的纳米粒子可以作为载体将分子带入免疫细胞内，以调节免疫反应。
