Neva Jason L, Ma Jennifer A, Orsholits Dan, Boisgontier Matthieu P, Boyd Lara A
Department of Physical Therapy, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 212-2177, Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
University of Geneva, Swiss NCCR 'LIVES-Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives', Geneva, Switzerland.
Exp Brain Res. 2019 Apr;237(4):1109-1127. doi: 10.1007/s00221-019-05491-5. Epub 2019 Feb 18.
Pairing an acute bout of lower-limb cycling exercise with skilled motor practice enhances acquisition and learning. However, it is not known whether an acute bout of exercise enhances a specific form of motor learning, namely motor adaptation, and if subsequent inter-limb transfer of this adaptation is enhanced. Seventeen young healthy participants performed a bout of cycling exercise and rest, on separate days, prior to right-arm reaching movements to visual targets under 45° rotated feedback of arm position (acquisition), followed by an immediate test of inter-limb transfer with the untrained left arm. After a 24-h delay, participants returned for a no-exercise retention test using the right and left arm with the same rotated visual feedback as acquisition. Results demonstrated that exercise enhanced right-arm adaptation during the acquisition and retention phases, and transiently enhanced aspects of inter-limb transfer, irrespective of usual levels of physical activity. Specifically, exercise enhanced movement accuracy, decreased reaction and movement time during acquisition, and increased accuracy during retention. Exercise shortened reaction time during the inter-limb transfer test immediately after right-arm acquisition but did not influence left-arm performance assessed at retention. These results indicate that an acute bout of exercise before practice enhances right-arm visuomotor adaptation (acquisition) and learning, and decreases reaction time during untrained left arm performance. The current results may have implications for the prescription of exercise protocols to enhance motor adaptation for healthy individuals and in clinical populations.
将一次急性下肢循环运动与有技巧的运动练习相结合可增强技能习得和学习效果。然而，尚不清楚一次急性运动是否能增强一种特定形式的运动学习，即运动适应，以及这种适应随后的肢体间转移是否会得到增强。17名年轻健康参与者在不同日期分别进行了一次循环运动和休息，之后进行右臂向视觉目标的伸展运动，此时手臂位置的反馈是在45°旋转条件下（技能习得阶段），随后立即用未训练的左臂进行肢体间转移测试。在延迟24小时后，参与者回来进行无运动的保持测试，使用右臂和左臂，视觉反馈与技能习得阶段相同。结果表明，无论日常身体活动水平如何，运动在技能习得和保持阶段均增强了右臂的适应性，并短暂增强了肢体间转移的某些方面。具体而言，运动提高了运动准确性，在技能习得期间缩短了反应时间和运动时间，并在保持阶段提高了准确性。在右臂技能习得后立即进行的肢体间转移测试中，运动缩短了反应时间，但对保持阶段评估的左臂表现没有影响。这些结果表明，练习前的一次急性运动可增强右臂视觉运动适应性（技能习得）和学习效果，并缩短未训练的左臂运动时的反应时间。目前的结果可能对制定运动方案以增强健康个体和临床人群的运动适应性具有启示意义。
