Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
PLoS One. 2024 Aug 15;19(8):e0307739. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307739. eCollection 2024.
The goal of the current research was to establish the impact of mental fatigue on the contributions of explicit (i.e., conscious strategy) and implicit (unconscious) processes to visuomotor adaptation. Participants were divided into two groups, a Mental Fatigue (MF) group who completed a cognitively demanding 32-minute time load dual back task (TLDB), and a Control group who watched a documentary for a similar length of time. Following the TLDB task or documentary watching, participants trained to reach with a visuomotor distortion, such that cursor feedback was rotated 40º clockwise relative to hand motion. Explicit and implicit contributions to visuomotor adaptation were assessed following 3 blocks of 45 rotated reach training trials and again following a 20-minute rest. Levels of mental fatigue, as indicated on a self-report scale, increased significantly for the MF group following the TLDB task. The Control group did not display a similar increase in mental fatigue following the documentary watching. Results then revealed a decrease in visuomotor adaptation early in training for the MF group compared to the Control group, as well as decreased retention of visuomotor adaptation immediately following the 20-minute rest. Furthermore, correlational analyses revealed that greater levels of mental fatigue reported by participants in the MF group were associated with less explicit adaptation and greater implicit adaptation. Similar trends were not observed for the Control group. Taken together, the decreased visuomotor adaptation observed early in training, as well as the moderate correlation between increased mental fatigue and decreased explicit adaptation, suggest that mental fatigue decreases one's ability to engage in explicit processing, limiting the overall extent of initial visuomotor adaptation achieved.
本研究旨在确定精神疲劳对显式（即有意识策略）和隐式（无意识）过程对运动视觉适应贡献的影响。参与者被分为两组，精神疲劳（MF）组完成了一项认知要求很高的 32 分钟双任务加载测试（TLDB），对照组则观看了一部类似时长的纪录片。在完成 TLDB 任务或观看纪录片后，参与者接受了视觉运动扭曲的训练，使得光标反馈相对于手部运动顺时针旋转 40°。在 45 次旋转训练后，分别评估了显式和隐式对运动视觉适应的贡献，然后在 20 分钟的休息后再次评估。MF 组在 TLDB 任务后，自我报告量表上的精神疲劳水平显著升高。对照组在观看纪录片后，精神疲劳水平没有类似的升高。结果表明，MF 组在训练早期的运动视觉适应能力明显下降，与对照组相比，在 20 分钟休息后，运动视觉适应的保持能力也明显下降。此外，相关分析表明，MF 组参与者报告的精神疲劳水平越高，显式适应的程度越低，隐式适应的程度越高。对照组没有观察到类似的趋势。综上所述，训练早期观察到的运动视觉适应能力下降，以及精神疲劳增加与显式适应减少之间的中度相关性，表明精神疲劳降低了个体进行显式处理的能力，限制了初始运动视觉适应的总体程度。
