School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
Biotechnol Adv. 2019 Nov 1;37(6):107351. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.02.007. Epub 2019 Feb 16.
Owing to the ability for efficient electric interaction with electrodes, electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) attract considerable attention in biotechnology. These bacteria are involved not only in the generation of electricity from organic wastes in microbial fuel cells but also in the production of valued chemicals with the aid of electric energy in microbial electrosynthesis systems. It has been known that metabolic activities in EAB are affected by electrode potentials, while a recent work has found that in an EAB, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, an Arc regulatory system regulates the expression of diverse catabolic genes by sensing electrode potentials. This finding suggests that the Arc system can be used for electrode potential-dependent control of gene expression in living cells and opens up a novel biotechnology platform, termed "electrogenetics". This article summarizes current knowledge on the catabolic and regulatory systems in EAB with a particular focus on the role of the Arc system and suggests the potential of electrogenetics in biotechnology.
由于电化学活性细菌 (EAB) 具有与电极进行高效电相互作用的能力，因此在生物技术中受到了相当大的关注。这些细菌不仅参与微生物燃料电池中从有机废物中发电，而且还在微生物电合成系统中借助电能生产有价值的化学品。已知 EAB 的代谢活动受电极电位的影响，而最近的一项研究发现，在 EAB 希瓦氏菌属（Shewanella oneidensis MR-1）中，Arc 调节系统通过感应电极电位来调节多种分解代谢基因的表达。这一发现表明，Arc 系统可用于活细胞中电极电位依赖性基因表达的控制，并开辟了一种新的生物技术平台，称为“电遗传学”。本文总结了 EAB 的分解代谢和调节系统的最新知识，特别关注了 Arc 系统的作用，并提出了电遗传学在生物技术中的潜力。
