School of Public Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
BMJ Open. 2019 Feb 19;9(2):e023238. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023238.
The objective of the study is to determine the status of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) based on multiple indicators.
Secondary data analysis of 32 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in SSA since 2010.
Thirty-two countries in SSA.
151 575 infants and young children born in the preceding 2 years of the surveys.
Eight core and six optional IYCF indicators.
Majority (95.8%) of the children born in the preceding 24 months were ever breastfed, and 50.5% initiated breastfeeding within the first hour of birth. Among infants 0-5 months of age, 72.3% were predominantly breastfed and 41.0% were exclusively breastfed. Continued breastfeeding at 1 year (89.5%) was reasonably high, but only 53.7% continued breastfeeding at 2 years and 60.4% had age-appropriate breastfeeding. About two-thirds (69.3%) of infants 6-8 months of age received solid, semisolid or soft food over the previous day across the countries. Among children 6-23 months of age, 41.9% met the minimum recommended meal frequency, while smaller proportions satisfied the minimum dietary diversity (21.0%) and acceptable diet (9.8%). About one-third (37.6%) of children 6-23 months of age consumed iron-rich or iron-fortified food over the previous day. Among non-breastfed children, only 15.0% received the recommended two or more milk feedings. Thirteen per cent were fed with a bottle with a nipple in the previous day. Country-level estimates for most indicators showed remarkable variations. Yet the minimum dietary diversity and acceptable diet indicators were consistently low.
Most breastfeeding-related indicators, except exclusive and early initiation of breastfeeding, are in an acceptable level in SSA. However, complementary feeding indicators are generally low.
本研究旨在基于多项指标评估撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）地区婴幼儿喂养情况。
对 2010 年以来 SSA 地区进行的 32 次人口与健康调查中的二次数据进行分析。
32 个 SSA 国家。
32 次调查前 2 年内出生的 151575 名婴幼儿。
8 项核心指标和 6 项可选指标。
95.8%的调查前 24 个月出生的儿童曾接受母乳喂养，50.5%的儿童在出生后 1 小时内开始母乳喂养。0-5 月龄婴儿中，72.3%的婴儿主要接受母乳喂养，41.0%的婴儿接受纯母乳喂养。1 岁时继续母乳喂养（89.5%）的比例相当高，但只有 53.7%的婴儿在 2 岁时继续母乳喂养，60.4%的婴儿接受了适宜年龄的母乳喂养。约三分之二（69.3%）的 6-8 月龄婴儿在过去一天中摄入了固体、半固体或软食。在 6-23 月龄儿童中，41.9%的儿童满足最低推荐喂养次数，但满足最低饮食多样性（21.0%）和可接受饮食（9.8%）的比例较小。约三分之一（37.6%）的 6-23 月龄儿童在过去一天中食用了富含铁或强化铁的食物。在未接受母乳喂养的儿童中，只有 15.0%的儿童接受了推荐的两次或以上的奶类喂养。13%的儿童在过去一天中用带奶嘴的奶瓶喂养。大多数国家的指标都有显著差异。但最低饮食多样性和可接受饮食指标一直较低。
除了纯母乳喂养和早期开始母乳喂养外，SSA 地区的大多数与母乳喂养相关的指标都处于可接受水平。然而，补充喂养指标普遍较低。
