a Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Cancer Studies , School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK.
b Department of Immunology Ophthalmology and ENT, Hospital 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12) , Complutense University, School of Medicine , Madrid , Spain.
Nucleus. 2019 Dec;10(1):42-47. doi: 10.1080/19491034.2019.1580100.
Migrating cells have to cross many physical barriers and confined in 3D environments. The surrounding environment promotes mechano- and biological signals that orchestrate cellular changes, such as cytoskeletal and adhesion rearrangements and proteolytic digestion. Recent studies provide new insights into how the nucleus must alter its shape, localization and mechanical properties in order to promote nuclear deformability, chromatin compaction and gene reprogramming. It is known that the chromatin structure contributes directly to genomic and non-genomic functions, such as gene transcription and the physical properties of the nucleus. Here, we appraise paradigms and novel insights regarding the functional role of chromatin during nuclear deformation. In so doing, we review how constraint and mechanical conditions influence the structure, localization and chromatin decompaction. Finally, we highlight the emerging roles of mechanogenomics and the molecular basis of nucleoskeletal components, which open unexplored territory to understand how cells regulate their chromatin and modify the nucleus.
迁移细胞必须穿过许多物理屏障，并在 3D 环境中受限。周围环境促进机械和生物信号的协调，从而引起细胞变化，例如细胞骨架和黏附的重排以及蛋白水解消化。最近的研究提供了新的见解，即核必须改变其形状、定位和力学特性，以促进核变形、染色质紧缩和基因重编程。已知染色质结构直接有助于基因组和非基因组功能，例如基因转录和核的物理性质。在这里，我们评估了染色质在核变形过程中的功能作用的范例和新见解。在这样做的过程中，我们回顾了约束和力学条件如何影响结构、定位和染色质松解。最后，我们强调了机械基因组学和核骨架成分的分子基础的新兴作用，这为理解细胞如何调节其染色质和修饰核开辟了未探索的领域。
