Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA; email:
Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2019 May 7;15:425-450. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095625. Epub 2019 Feb 20.
Suicide is the second leading cause of death worldwide for adolescents. Despite decades of research on correlates and risk factors for adolescent suicide, we know little about why suicidal ideation and behavior frequently emerge in adolescence and how to predict, and ultimately prevent, suicidal behavior among youths. In this review, we first discuss knowledge regarding correlates, risk factors, and theories of suicide. We then review why adolescence is a period of unique vulnerability, given changing biology and social network reorganization. Next, we present a conceptual model through which to interpret emerging findings in adolescent suicide research. We suggest that a promising area for future research is to examine adolescent suicide as a failure of biological responses to acute stress in the proximal moments of a suicidal crisis. After reviewing initial evidence for this conceptualization, we review future directions for studies on adolescent suicide.
自杀是全球青少年的第二大死亡原因。尽管数十年来一直在研究与青少年自杀相关的因素和风险因素，但我们对为什么自杀意念和行为在青少年中经常出现，以及如何预测和最终预防青少年自杀行为知之甚少。在这篇综述中，我们首先讨论了与自杀相关的知识、风险因素和理论。然后，我们回顾了为什么青春期是一个独特的脆弱时期，因为生物学和社交网络重组正在发生变化。接下来，我们提出了一个概念模型，通过该模型可以解释青少年自杀研究中的新发现。我们认为，未来研究的一个有前途的领域是将青少年自杀视为在自杀危机的近在咫尺时刻，生物对急性应激的反应失败。在回顾了这一概念的初步证据后，我们回顾了青少年自杀研究的未来方向。
