前动机因素通过动机因素对行为的影响：I-Change 模型的检验。
The influence of pre-motivational factors on behavior via motivational factors: a test of the I-Change model.
机构信息
Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, Maastricht, MD, Netherlands.
CAPHRI-Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
出版信息
BMC Psychol. 2019 Feb 20;7(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s40359-019-0283-2.
BACKGROUND
The I-Change Model for explaining motivational and behavioral change postulates that an awareness phase precedes the motivation phase of a person, and that effects of pre-motivational factors on behavior are partially mediated by motivational factors. This study tests this assumption with regard to physical activity.
METHODS
Observational longitudinal survey study (baseline, three months, six months) amongst Dutch adults (N = 2434). Structural equation modelling was used to investigate whether the influence of (1) knowledge, (2) cognizance, (3) cues, and (4) risk perception separately on intention and physical activity were mediated by motivational factors (i.e. attitudes, self-efficacy and social influence). Subsequently, a comprehensive model including all pre-motivational factors was estimated to test the same assumption for all pre-motivational factors simultaneously.
RESULTS
The results indicate that the associations of cognizance, risk perception and cues with behavior were fully mediated by motivational factors when tested separately. When tested simultaneously only the effect of cognizance remained. Cognizance was most strongly associated with positive attitudes β = .13, p < .01, self-efficacy β = .13, p < .01, and intention β = .14, p < .01. No direct link with behavior was found.
CONCLUSION
The results suggest that pre-motivational factors are important to form a motivation; however, they do not directly influence behavior. The inclusion of factors such as risk perception and cognizance would help to get a better understanding of motivation formation and behavior.
背景
解释动机和行为变化的 I-Change 模型假定，一个人的意识阶段先于动机阶段，并且预动机因素对行为的影响部分通过动机因素来介导。本研究通过观察性纵向调查研究（基线、三个月、六个月）检验了这一假设在身体活动方面的应用。
方法
对荷兰成年人（N=2434）进行观察性纵向调查研究（基线、三个月、六个月）。结构方程模型用于调查（1）知识、（2）认知、（3）线索和（4）风险感知分别对意图和身体活动的影响是否通过动机因素（即态度、自我效能和社会影响）来介导。随后，估计了一个包含所有预动机因素的综合模型，以同时检验所有预动机因素的相同假设。
结果
结果表明，当分别测试时，认知、风险感知和线索与行为的关联完全通过动机因素来介导。当同时测试时，只有认知的作用仍然存在。认知与积极的态度（β=0.13，p<0.01）、自我效能（β=0.13，p<0.01）和意图（β=0.14，p<0.01）的关联最强。与行为之间没有直接联系。
结论
结果表明，预动机因素对于形成动机很重要；然而，它们并不直接影响行为。纳入风险感知和认知等因素将有助于更好地理解动机形成和行为。
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