School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV.
J Anim Sci. 2019 Apr 3;97(4):1757-1771. doi: 10.1093/jas/skz058.
Although n-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) has been shown to efficiently alleviate oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and alter gut microbiota, little attention has been focused on their interactions with placental metabolic status of sows. The effects of NAC on the placental redox status, function, inflammasome, and fecal microbiota in sows were explored to clarify the correlation between the fecal microbiota and placenta. Sows were divided into either the control group or the NAC group which received dietary 0.5% NAC supplementation from day 85 of gestation to delivery. Plasma redox status, placental growth factors, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, fecal microbial metabolites, and communities were evaluated. Compared with the control group, although NAC did not ameliorate reproductive performance of sows (P > 0.05), it significantly improved maternal-placental health, which was accompanied by increased activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), decreased level of malondialdehyde (MDA), and lowered expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome (P < 0.05). Additionally, NAC significantly increased placental insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and E-cadherin contents (P < 0.05), elevated the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis and amino acids transporters (P < 0.05), and decreased the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (LC3B) and Beclin-1 protein expression (P < 0.05). Furthermore, NAC increased the relative abundances of fecal Prevotella, Clostridium cluster XIVa, and Roseburial/Eubacterium rectale (P < 0.05), which were negatively correlated with placental NLRP3 and positively with solute carrier family 7, member 8 (Slc7a8; P < 0.05). In conclusion, NAC supplementation during late gestation alleviated maternal-placental oxidative stress and inflammatory response, improved placental function, and altered fecal microbial communities.
尽管 N-乙酰半胱氨酸 (NAC) 已被证明能有效缓解氧化应激、炎症反应并改变肠道微生物群，但人们对其与母猪胎盘代谢状态的相互作用关注甚少。本研究旨在探讨 NAC 对母猪胎盘氧化还原状态、功能、炎性体和粪便微生物群的影响，以阐明粪便微生物群与胎盘之间的相关性。将母猪分为对照组和 NAC 组，从妊娠第 85 天到分娩，NAC 组母猪的日粮中添加 0.5%的 NAC。评估了血浆氧化还原状态、胎盘生长因子、核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体含pyrin结构域 3（NLRP3）炎性体、粪便微生物代谢物和群落。与对照组相比，尽管 NAC 并未改善母猪的繁殖性能（P＞0.05），但它显著改善了母体胎盘的健康状况，这伴随着谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的增加，丙二醛（MDA）水平的降低，以及通过抑制 NLRP3 炎性体降低白细胞介素（IL）-1β和 IL-18 的表达（P＜0.05）。此外，NAC 还显著增加了胎盘胰岛素样生长因子（IGFs）和 E-钙黏蛋白的含量（P＜0.05），上调了参与血管生成和氨基酸转运的基因的表达（P＜0.05），并降低了微管相关蛋白轻链 3B（LC3B）和 Beclin-1 蛋白的表达（P＜0.05）。此外，NAC 增加了粪便普雷沃氏菌、梭菌簇 XIVa 和罗斯伯里氏菌/真杆菌（Roseburial/Eubacterium rectale）的相对丰度（P＜0.05），这些菌与胎盘 NLRP3 呈负相关，与溶质载体家族 7 成员 8（Slc7a8）呈正相关（P＜0.05）。综上所述，妊娠晚期补充 NAC 可减轻母体胎盘的氧化应激和炎症反应，改善胎盘功能，并改变粪便微生物群落。
