Maurice Müller Laboratories, Departement Klinische Forschung, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2017 Aug;17(8):508-517. doi: 10.1038/nri.2017.58. Epub 2017 Jun 12.
The mucosal surfaces of mammals are densely colonized with microorganisms that are commonly referred to as the commensal microbiota. It is believed that the fetus in utero is sterile and that colonization with microorganisms starts only after birth. Nevertheless, the unborn fetus is exposed to a multitude of metabolites that originate from the commensal microbiota of the mother that reach systemic sites of the maternal body. The intestinal microbiota is strongly personalized and influenced by environmental factors, including nutrition. Members of the maternal microbiota can metabolize dietary components, pharmaceuticals and toxins, which can subsequently be passed to the developing fetus or the breast-feeding neonate. In this Review, we discuss the complex interplay between nutrition, the maternal microbiota and ingested chemicals, and summarize their effects on immunity in the offspring.
哺乳动物的黏膜表面定植着大量微生物，通常被称为共生微生物群。人们认为胎儿在子宫内是无菌的，只有在出生后才开始定植微生物。然而，胎儿在子宫内就会接触到大量源自母亲共生微生物群的代谢产物，这些代谢产物可到达母体全身部位。肠道微生物群具有强烈的个体特征，并受到环境因素（包括营养）的影响。母体微生物群的成员可以代谢膳食成分、药物和毒素，随后这些成分可以传递给发育中的胎儿或哺乳期的新生儿。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了营养、母体微生物群和摄入的化学物质之间的复杂相互作用，并总结了它们对后代免疫的影响。
