Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, 10, Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032 Tours, France.
National University of Science and Technology «MISiS», 119049 Moscow, Russia.
Cells. 2019 Feb 19;8(2):180. doi: 10.3390/cells8020180.
During spermiogenesis, the proximal centriole forms a special microtubular structure: the centriolar adjunct. This structure appears at the spermatid stage, which is characterized by a condensed chromatin nucleus. We showed that the centriolar adjunct disappears completely in mature porcine spermatozoa. In humans, the centriolar adjunct remnants are present in a fraction of mature spermatids. For the first time, the structure of the centriolar adjunct in the cell, and its consequent impact on fertility, were examined. Ultrastructural analysis using transmission electron microscopy was performed on near 2000 spermatozoa per person, in two patients with idiopathic male sterility (IMS) and five healthy fertile donors. We measured the average length of the "proximal centriole + centriolar adjunct" complex in sections, where it had parallel orientation in the section plane, and found that it was significantly longer in the spermatozoa of IMS patients than in the spermatozoa of healthy donors. This difference was independent of chromatin condensation deficiency, which was also observed in the spermatozoa of IMS patients. We suggest that zygote arrest may be related to an incompletely disassembled centriolar adjunct in a mature spermatozoon. Therefore, centriolar adjunct length can be potentially used as a complementary criterion for the immaturity of spermatozoa in the diagnostics of IMS patients.
在精子发生过程中，近端中心粒形成一种特殊的微管结构：中心粒附属物。这种结构出现在精细胞阶段，其特征是染色质核浓缩。我们表明，成熟的猪精子中完全消失了中心粒附属物。在人类中，中心粒附属物的残留物存在于一部分成熟的精细胞中。我们首次研究了细胞内中心粒附属物的结构及其对生育能力的影响。对两名特发性男性不育症（IMS）患者和五名健康生育能力的供体的近 2000 个精子进行了透射电子显微镜的超微结构分析。我们测量了切片中“近端中心粒+中心粒附属物”复合物的平均长度，当它在切片平面上平行取向时，发现 IMS 患者的精子比健康供体的精子长很多。这种差异与染色质浓缩缺陷无关，在 IMS 患者的精子中也观察到了这种缺陷。我们认为，合子阻滞可能与成熟精子中不完全拆卸的中心粒附属物有关。因此，中心粒附属物的长度可以作为 IMS 患者精子不成熟的补充诊断标准。
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