Golnaraghi A R, Shahraeen N, Pourrahim R, Farzadfar Sh, Ghasemi A
Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Campus, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 14515-775, Tehran, Iran.
Plant Virology Department, Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute, P.O. Box 19395-1454, Tehran, Iran.
Plant Dis. 2004 Oct;88(10):1069-1074. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.10.1069.
A survey was conducted to determine the incidence of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV), Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), Blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (BlCMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV), Peanut mottle virus (PeMoV), Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV), Tobacco streak virus (TSV), Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) on soybean (Glycine max) in Iran. Totals of 3,110 random and 1,225 symptomatic leaf samples were collected during the summers of 1999 and 2000 in five provinces of Iran, where commercial soybean is grown, and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using specific polyclonal antibodies. Serological diagnoses were confirmed by electron microscopy and host range studies. The highest virus incidence among the surveyed provinces was recorded in Mazandaran (18.6%), followed by Golestan (15.7%), Khuzestan (14.2%), Ardabil (13.9%), and Lorestan (13.5%). Incidence of viruses in decreasing order was SMV (13.3%), TSWV (5.4%), TRSV (4.2%), TSV (4.1%), PEMV (2.9%), BYMV (2.2%), ToRSV (2.1%), AlMV (1.3%), BCMV (0.8%), and CMV (0.6%). Additionally, 1.5% of collected leaf samples had positive reactions in ELISA with antiserum to TMV, indicating the possible infection of soybeans in Iran with a Tobamovirus that is related serologically to TMV. Of 195 leaves from plants showing soybean pod set failure syndrome (PSF) in Mazandaran and Lorestan, only 14 (7.2%) samples had viral infection. No correlation was observed between PSF and presence of the 13 viruses tested, suggesting the involvement of other viruses or factors in this syndrome. To investigate the presence of seed-borne viruses, including SMV, TRSV, ToRSV, and TSV, 7,830 soybean seeds were collected randomly at harvesting time from the major sites of soybean seed production located in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. According to ELISA analyses of germinated seedlings, 7.1 and 8.9% of the seed samples from Golestan and Mazandaran provinces, respectively, transmitted either SMV, TRSV, ToRSV, or TSV through seed. We also showed that SMV and other seed transmissible viruses, as well as TSWV, usually are the most prevalent viruses in soybean fields in Iran. In this survey, natural occurrence of AlMV, BCMV, BlCMV, BYMV, CMV, PEMV, PeMoV, and TSWV was reported for the first time on soybeans in Iran.
开展了一项调查，以确定苜蓿花叶病毒（AlMV）、菜豆普通花叶病毒（BCMV）、菜豆黄花叶病毒（BYMV）、黑眼豇豆花叶病毒（BlCMV）、黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）、豌豆耳突花叶病毒（PEMV）、花生斑驳病毒（PeMoV）、大豆花叶病毒（SMV）、烟草花叶病毒（TMV）、烟草环斑病毒（TRSV）、烟草线条病毒（TSV）、番茄环斑病毒（ToRSV）和番茄斑萎病毒（TSWV）在伊朗大豆（Glycine max）上的发生率。1999年和2000年夏季，在伊朗种植商业大豆的五个省份随机采集了3110份叶片样本和1225份有症状的叶片样本，并使用特异性多克隆抗体通过酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）进行检测。血清学诊断通过电子显微镜和寄主范围研究得到证实。在所调查的省份中，病毒发生率最高的是马赞德兰省（18.6%），其次是戈勒斯坦省（15.7%）、胡齐斯坦省（14.2%）、阿尔达比勒省（13.9%）和洛雷斯坦省（13.5%）。病毒发生率从高到低依次为SMV（13.3%）、TSWV（5.4%）、TRSV（4.2%）、TSV（4.1%）、PEMV（2.9%）、BYMV（2.2%）、ToRSV（2.1%）、AlMV（1.3%）、BCMV（0.8%）和CMV（0.6%）。此外，1.5%的采集叶片样本在ELISA检测中与抗TMV血清呈阳性反应，表明伊朗的大豆可能感染了一种在血清学上与TMV相关的烟草花叶病毒属病毒。在马赞德兰省和洛雷斯坦省，从表现出大豆结荚失败综合征（PSF）的植株上采集的195片叶子中，只有14份（7.2%）样本受到病毒感染。未观察到PSF与所检测的13种病毒的存在之间存在相关性，这表明该综合征涉及其他病毒或因素。为了调查种传病毒（包括SMV、TRSV、ToRSV和TSV）的存在情况，在收获时从位于马赞德兰省和戈勒斯坦省的大豆种子主要生产地随机采集了7830粒大豆种子。根据对发芽幼苗的ELISA分析，来自戈勒斯坦省和马赞德兰省的种子样本分别有7.1%和8.9%通过种子传播了SMV、TRSV、ToRSV或TSV。我们还表明，SMV和其他种传病毒以及TSWV通常是伊朗大豆田中最普遍的病毒。在本次调查中，首次报道了AlMV、BCMV、BlCMV、BYMV、CMV、PEMV、PeMoV和TSWV在伊朗大豆上的自然发生情况。
