Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea.
College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Feb 21;20(4):946. doi: 10.3390/ijms20040946.
Several types of saponins and herbal plants containing saponins have been reported to have anti-inflammatory or laxative activities. To verify the therapeutic effects of saponin-enriched extracts of (SPA) on the anti-inflammatory response and on the cholinergic regulation in the gastrointestinal system, an alteration on the constipation phenotypes, on the inflammatory responses, and on the muscarinic cholinergic regulation were investigated in the transverse colons of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation after the treatment of SPA. Significant increases were observed on the total number of stools, the gastrointestinal transit, the thickness of the mucosal layer, the flat luminal surface, the number of paneth cells, and the lipid droplets in the Lop + SPA-treated group as compared to the Lop + Vehicle-treated group. SPA treatment induced the recovery of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) and IL-6), inflammatory mediators (NF-κB and iNOS), the total number of infiltered mast cells, and mucin secretion. Also, some similar improvements were observed on the levels of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity and on the phosphorylation of myosin light chains (MLC) as well as the expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors M2/M3 (mAChR M2/M3) and their mediators. The results presented herein provide the first strong evidence that SPA stimulates anti-inflammatory responses and the muscarinic cholinergic regulation when exerting its laxative effects in the chronic constipation of Lop-induced models.
几种皂甙和含有皂甙的草药已被报道具有抗炎或通便作用。为了验证（SPA）皂甙富集提取物对抗炎反应和胃肠道胆碱能调节的治疗作用，在洛哌丁胺（Lop）诱导的便秘 Sprague Dawley（SD）大鼠的横结肠中研究了 SPA 治疗后便秘表型、炎症反应和毒蕈碱胆碱能调节的变化。与 Lop + Vehicle 治疗组相比，Lop + SPA 治疗组的总粪便数、胃肠转运、黏膜层厚度、平坦腔面、潘氏细胞数和脂滴均显著增加。SPA 治疗诱导炎症细胞因子（TNF-α、IL-1β）和 IL-6）、炎症介质（NF-κB 和 iNOS）、浸润肥大细胞总数和粘蛋白分泌的恢复。此外，AChE 活性和肌球蛋白轻链（MLC）磷酸化以及毒蕈碱乙酰胆碱受体 M2/M3（mAChR M2/M3）及其介质的水平也观察到类似的改善。本研究首次提供了强有力的证据，证明 SPA 在洛哌丁胺诱导的慢性便秘模型中发挥通便作用时，可刺激抗炎反应和毒蕈碱胆碱能调节。
