Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Center for Subjectivity Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Center for Subjectivity Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2019 May;93:155-162. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.01.014. Epub 2019 Feb 8.
Nursing studies have for decades drawn on the philosophical tradition of phenomenology when developing their own methodology and theoretical foundation. This use and application of phenomenology has, however, not been met with universal approval. One prominent and persistent opponent has been John Paley, who has sent a clear message to the nursing community: If you are looking for philosophical inspiration or methodological guidance, do not look to phenomenology. As we argue in the article, in formulating his criticism, Paley completely overlooks a rich tradition of applied phenomenology that dates back to the beginning of the 20 century and which has undergone a momentous revival during the last 20-25 years. That Paley seems oblivious to this tradition is one thing. What is more astonishing is that this also holds true for the vast majority of those scholars working within nursing science who happens to be interested in phenomenology. The aim of this article is, first, to present and consider Paley's criticism in some detail and, then, to discuss some of the significant applications of phenomenology that have often been overlooked by qualitative researchers. As has been amply demonstrated over the years, phenomenology can not only make a difference in the handling, analysis, and interpretation of the available data, but also, in how the data are obtained in the first place, for instance, through special interview techniques. We will consider some central figures in classical phenomenological psychology and phenomenological psychiatry, and present some of the more recent developments in cognitive science. We will then discuss three concrete cases that demonstrate how phenomenology has been applied in clinical work with patients with schizophrenia, cerebral palsy, and hemispatial neglect. Our main message to qualitative researchers interested in phenomenology is the following. You should also start to consider and draw inspiration from the way in which phenomenology has been applied outside of the domain of qualitative research. There are quite successful applications of phenomenology to be found elsewhere, applications that can offer substantial theoretical and methodological support to qualitative researchers. Relevant resources include classical phenomenological psychology, classical and contemporary phenomenological psychiatry, and contemporary discussions of naturalized phenomenology.
几十年来，护理研究在发展自己的方法和理论基础时一直借鉴现象学的哲学传统。然而，这种对现象学的使用和应用并没有得到普遍认可。一个著名的、持续的反对者是约翰·佩利（John Paley），他向护理界发出了一个明确的信息：如果您正在寻找哲学灵感或方法论指导，请不要关注现象学。正如我们在文章中所论证的那样，在阐述他的批评时，佩利完全忽略了一个可以追溯到 20 世纪初的丰富的应用现象学传统，而这一传统在过去 20-25 年经历了一场重大复兴。佩利似乎对此传统一无所知，这已经够令人震惊了。更令人惊讶的是，这也适用于绝大多数对现象学感兴趣的护理科学领域的学者。本文的目的首先是详细介绍和考虑佩利的批评，然后讨论一些经常被定性研究人员忽视的现象学的重要应用。多年来已经充分证明，现象学不仅可以在处理、分析和解释现有数据方面发挥作用，而且可以在数据首先获得的方式方面发挥作用，例如通过特殊的访谈技术。我们将考虑经典现象学心理学和现象学精神病学中的一些核心人物，并介绍认知科学中的一些较新的发展。然后，我们将讨论三个具体案例，这些案例表明现象学如何应用于精神分裂症、脑瘫和偏侧空间忽略患者的临床工作中。我们给对现象学感兴趣的定性研究人员的主要信息是：您也应该开始考虑并从现象学在定性研究领域之外的应用方式中汲取灵感。在其他地方可以找到相当成功的现象学应用，这些应用可以为定性研究人员提供实质性的理论和方法论支持。相关资源包括经典现象学心理学、经典和当代现象学精神病学以及自然化现象学的当代讨论。
