University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80461, USA.
Environ Manage. 2019 May;63(5):629-646. doi: 10.1007/s00267-019-01151-0. Epub 2019 Feb 22.
Recently, groups representing the human-powered outdoor recreation community are playing an important role in natural resource management and conservation. Such civic recreation-recreation-based stewardship and advocacy aimed at preserving, creating, and restoring recreational resources-offers promise in an era of limited capacity on the part of land managers and efforts to promote innovative, participatory, and collaborative civic environmentalism. Despite this growing trend, little research has looked at these civic recreation organizations or their role in natural resource management. Drawing from a mixed-method research design combining an exploratory case study of local civic recreation organizations with survey research, this article aims to describe civic recreation in practice and explores how it fits into natural resource management of the twenty-first century. Specifically, the goal is to understand why, how, and to what end these organizations emerge and function. The findings reveal that civic recreation organizations often emerge as grassroots initiatives to either address a threat to access or implement the vision of an innovative leader who seeks to create a recreational resource. These organizations primarily focus on direct stewardship, collaboration with land managers, and innovative private-public partnerships for the purposes of preserving or creating recreational resources. Outcomes and benefits span environmental, community, and management domains, offering promise to an era of collaborative and community-based natural resource management.
最近，代表人力户外娱乐社区的团体在自然资源管理和保护方面发挥着重要作用。这种基于娱乐的公民管理——以保护、创造和恢复娱乐资源为目标的管理和宣传——在土地管理者能力有限、努力推动创新、参与和合作式公民环境主义的时代，具有很大的潜力。尽管这种趋势日益增长，但很少有研究关注这些公民娱乐组织或它们在自然资源管理中的作用。本文采用混合方法研究设计，将对地方公民娱乐组织的探索性案例研究与调查研究相结合，旨在描述实践中的公民娱乐，并探讨其如何适应 21 世纪的自然资源管理。具体来说，目标是了解这些组织为何、如何以及出于何种目的出现和运作。研究结果表明，公民娱乐组织通常是作为基层倡议出现的，旨在解决对进入权的威胁，或实施寻求创造娱乐资源的创新型领导者的愿景。这些组织主要侧重于直接管理、与土地管理者合作以及创新的公私伙伴关系，以保护或创造娱乐资源。成果和效益跨越环境、社区和管理领域，为合作式和基于社区的自然资源管理时代提供了希望。
