Himmerich Hubertus, Bentley Jessica, Kan Carol, Treasure Janet
Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
Ther Adv Psychopharmacol. 2019 Feb 12;9:2045125318814734. doi: 10.1177/2045125318814734. eCollection 2019.
Genome-wide-association studies (GWASs), epigenetic, gene-expression and gene-gene interaction projects, nutritional genomics and investigations of the gut microbiota have increased our knowledge of the pathophysiology of eating disorders (EDs). However, compared with anorexia nervosa, genetic studies in patients with bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder are relatively scarce, with the exception of a few formal genetic and small-sized candidate-gene-association studies. In this article, we review important findings derived from formal and molecular genetics in order to outline a genetics-based pathophysiological model of EDs. This model takes into account environmental and nutritional factors, genetic factors related to the microbiome, the metabolic and endocrine system, the immune system, and the brain, in addition to phenotypical traits of EDs. Shortcomings and advantages of genetic research in EDs are discussed against the historical background, but also in light of potential future treatment options for patients with EDs.
全基因组关联研究（GWAS）、表观遗传学、基因表达和基因-基因相互作用项目、营养基因组学以及肠道微生物群研究，都增进了我们对饮食失调（ED）病理生理学的了解。然而，与神经性厌食症相比，神经性贪食症和暴饮暴食症患者的遗传学研究相对较少，仅有少数正式的遗传学和小型候选基因关联研究除外。在本文中，我们回顾了来自正式遗传学和分子遗传学的重要发现，以勾勒出基于遗传学的饮食失调病理生理模型。该模型除了考虑饮食失调的表型特征外，还纳入了环境和营养因素、与微生物群、代谢和内分泌系统、免疫系统以及大脑相关的遗传因素。我们将结合历史背景，同时根据饮食失调患者未来潜在的治疗选择，讨论饮食失调遗传学研究的优缺点。
