Monserrat Hernández Montserrat, Jiménez-Rodríguez Diana
Department of Geography, History and Humanities, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Jul 19;12(14):1441. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12141441.
Humans are the result of an evolutionary process, and because of this, many biological processes are interconnected with each other. The intestine-brain axis consists of an intricately connected neuronal-neuroendocrine circuit that regulates the sensation of hunger and satiety. Genetic variations and the consumption of unnatural diets (ultra-processed foods, high contents of sugars, etc.) can override this circuit and cause addiction to certain foods and/or the inability to feel satiety in certain situations. The patients who come to consultations (mainly psychology or nutrition) in an attempt to resolve this problem sometimes fail, which leads to them looking for new strategies based on biological predisposition. This investigation aims to evaluate the genetic studies regarding the microbiota carried out in the last 12 years in humans to try to determine which genes and microbes that have been recently studied are related to patients diagnosed with binge eating disorder or compulsive eating (presenting obesity or not). The protocol followed the PRISMA statement, and the following databases were searched from 2012 until the present day: PubMed, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. Twenty-four international articles were analyzed, including cross-sectional or exploratory studies; five of them referred to the microbial composition, and in nineteen, the existence of genetic polymorphisms present in binge eating disorder or in compulsive eating could be observed: DRD2, OPRM1, COMT, MC4R, BNDF, FTO, SLC6A3, GHRL, CARTPT, MCHR2, and LRP11. Even though there is still much to investigate on the subject, it must be highlighted that, in the last 4 years, a two-fold increase has been observed in potential markers and in studies related to the matter, also highlighting the importance of different analyses in relation to psychosocial factors and their interaction with the genetic and microbial factors, for which research on the matter must be continued.
人类是进化过程的产物，正因如此，许多生物过程相互关联。肠-脑轴由一个错综复杂的神经元-神经内分泌回路组成，该回路调节饥饿和饱腹感。基因变异以及食用非天然饮食（超加工食品、高糖含量等）会破坏这个回路，导致对某些食物上瘾和/或在某些情况下无法产生饱腹感。前来咨询（主要是心理或营养方面）试图解决这个问题的患者有时会失败，这促使他们寻求基于生物易感性的新策略。本研究旨在评估过去12年中在人类身上进行的关于微生物群的基因研究，以确定最近研究的哪些基因和微生物与被诊断患有暴饮暴食症或强迫性进食（无论是否伴有肥胖）的患者有关。该方案遵循PRISMA声明，从2012年至今搜索了以下数据库：PubMed、PsycINFO、SCOPUS和科学网。分析了24篇国际文章，包括横断面研究或探索性研究；其中5篇涉及微生物组成，19篇中可以观察到暴饮暴食症或强迫性进食中存在的基因多态性：DRD2、OPRM1、COMT、MC4R、BNDF、FTO、SLC6A3、GHRL、CARTPT、MCHR2和LRP11。尽管在这个问题上仍有许多需要研究的地方，但必须强调的是，在过去4年中，潜在标志物和与此相关的研究增加了两倍，同时也凸显了不同分析对于心理社会因素及其与遗传和微生物因素相互作用的重要性，为此必须继续对此问题进行研究。
