Selective femtosecond laser ablation via two-photon fluorescence imaging through a multimode fiber.

We demonstrate the ability of a multimode fiber probe to provide two-photon fluorescence (TPF) imaging feedback that guides the femtosecond laser ablation (FLA) in biological samples for highly selective modifications. We implement the system through the propagation of high power femtosecond pulses through a graded-index (GRIN) multimode fiber and we investigate the limitations posed by the high laser peak intensities required for laser ablation. We demonstrate that the GRIN fiber probe can deliver laser intensities up to 1.5x10 W/cm, sufficient for the ablation of a wide range of materials, including biological samples. Wavefront shaping through an ultrathin probe of around 400 μm in diameter is used for diffraction limited focusing and digital scanning of the focus spot. Selective FLA of cochlear hair cells is performed based on the TPF images obtained through the same multimode fiber probe.