University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Am J Community Psychol. 2019 Mar;63(1-2):168-178. doi: 10.1002/ajcp.12317. Epub 2019 Feb 22.
Collective efficacy is a widely studied theoretical framework. Originally operationalized as the combination of social cohesion and informal social control, collective efficacy theory is a predictor of multiple positive outcomes. Conceptual and empirical critiques of collective efficacy theory suggest that social cohesion and informal social control should be modeled as unique constructs. Further, the current model of collective efficacy theory does not include an explicit measure of efficacy. Mutual efficacy, defined as community members' beliefs that collective action will be successful at attaining group goals, will be developed in this manuscript. The purpose of mutual efficacy was to make efficacy an explicit component within collective efficacy theory. Three models of collective efficacy theory are compared in this study: (a) a one-factor model of collective efficacy that combines social cohesion and informal social control, (b) a two-factor model of collective efficacy that models social cohesion as a predictor of informal social control, and (c) a mutual efficacy model where the relationship between social cohesion and informal social control is mediated by mutual efficacy. Results suggest that the two-factor model and the mutual efficacy model both fit the data better than the current model of collective efficacy.
集体效能是一个被广泛研究的理论框架。最初的操作性定义是社会凝聚力和非正式社会控制的结合，集体效能理论是多种积极结果的预测因素。对集体效能理论的概念和实证批评表明，社会凝聚力和非正式社会控制应该被建模为独特的结构。此外，目前的集体效能理论模型不包括对效能的明确衡量。本文将发展共同效能的概念，即社区成员对集体行动将成功实现群体目标的信念。共同效能的目的是使效能成为集体效能理论中的一个明确组成部分。本研究比较了三种集体效能理论模型：(a) 一种将社会凝聚力和非正式社会控制结合在一起的集体效能单因素模型，(b) 一种将社会凝聚力建模为非正式社会控制预测因素的集体效能双因素模型，以及 (c) 一种共同效能模型，其中社会凝聚力和非正式社会控制之间的关系由共同效能中介。结果表明，双因素模型和共同效能模型都比现有的集体效能模型更适合数据。
