Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
J Cell Mol Med. 2019 May;23(5):3050-3057. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.14209. Epub 2019 Feb 23.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignance. Although great efforts have been made to understand the pathogenesis of CRC, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. It is now clear that more than 90% of the total genome is actively transcribed, but lack of protein-coding potential. The massive amount of RNA can be classified as housekeeping RNAs (such as ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs) and regulatory RNAs (such as microRNAs [miRNAs], PIWI-interacting RNA [piRNAs], tRNA-derived stress-induced RNA, tRNA-derived small RNA [tRFs] and long non-coding RNAs [lncRNAs]). Small non-coding RNAs are a group of ncRNAs with the length no more than 200 nt and they have been found to exert important regulatory functions under many pathological conditions. In this review, we summarize the biogenesis and functions of regulatory sncRNAs, such as miRNAs, piRNA and tRFs, and highlight their involvements in cancers, particularly in CRC.
结直肠癌（CRC）是第三大常见恶性肿瘤。尽管已经做出了巨大的努力来了解 CRC 的发病机制，但潜在的机制仍不清楚。现在已经清楚的是，超过 90%的总基因组是活跃转录的，但缺乏蛋白质编码的潜力。大量的 RNA 可以分为管家 RNA（如核糖体 RNA、转移 RNA）和调节 RNA（如 microRNAs [miRNAs]、PIWI 相互作用 RNA [piRNAs]、tRNA 衍生的应激诱导 RNA、tRNA 衍生的小 RNA [tRFs]和长非编码 RNA [lncRNAs]）。小非编码 RNA 是一组长度不超过 200nt 的 ncRNAs，它们在许多病理条件下被发现具有重要的调节功能。在这篇综述中，我们总结了调节性 sncRNA，如 miRNA、piRNA 和 tRFs 的生物发生和功能，并强调了它们在癌症，特别是 CRC 中的参与。
