Montana State University, 103 Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States.
Montana State University, 103 Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States.
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2019 Dec;59:19-28. doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.01.006. Epub 2019 Feb 22.
Mechanisms for making and breaking the heme b cofactor (heme) are more diverse than previously expected. Biosynthetic pathways have diverged at least twice along taxonomic lines, reflecting differences in membrane organization and O utilization among major groups of organisms. At least three families of heme degradases are now known, again differing in whether and how O is used by the organism and possibly the purpose for turning over the tetrapyrrole. Understanding these enzymes and pathways offers a handle for antimicrobial development and for monitoring heme use in organismal and ecological systems.
血红素辅因子（heme）的生成和破坏机制比之前预期的更为多样化。生物合成途径沿着分类学路线至少分化了两次，反映了主要生物群体之间的膜组织和 O 利用的差异。现在已知至少有三类血红素降解酶，再次不同的是生物体是否以及如何使用 O，以及可能是为了转化四吡咯。了解这些酶和途径为抗菌药物的开发以及监测生物体和生态系统中血红素的利用提供了一个手段。
