Gad Rasha F, Dowling Donna A, Abusaad Fawzia E, Bassiouny Mohamed R, Abd El Aziz Magda A
Rasha F. Gad is an Assistant Lecturer of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. The author can be reached via email at
MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2019 Mar/Apr;44(2):108-114. doi: 10.1097/NMC.0000000000000512.
Treating pain during immunization should be a part of pediatric primary healthcare around the world, as untreated pain in children has short- and long-term consequences. Few studies of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic methods of pain relief during immunization have been conducted in low- and middle-income countries. Finding pain-mitigating interventions that are low-cost, effective, and feasible across all settings, including with low-resourced settings could improve primary healthcare.
To evaluate the effectiveness of oral sucrose versus breastfeeding as methods of pain management during immunization of infants through 6 months of age.
A randomized controlled experimental design was used; 120 infants were randomly assigned to control, sucrose, or breastfeeding groups. Data were collected in an Egyptian primary health center. Outcome measures including pain (as per the FLACC pain scale), crying time, and heart rate were measured at three time points.
There were significant differences in pain scores and crying duration during and after immunization (p < .001) for the breastfeeding group compared with the sucrose and control groups.
Health staff and parents need education and support in use of breastfeeding for pain management during immunization. More studies are needed to evaluate effectiveness of breastfeeding versus other pain management methods for managing infants' immunization-related pain.
在全球范围内，治疗免疫接种期间的疼痛应成为儿科初级医疗保健的一部分，因为儿童未治疗的疼痛会产生短期和长期后果。在低收入和中等收入国家，很少有关于免疫接种期间缓解疼痛的药物和非药物方法的研究。找到低成本、有效且在所有环境（包括资源匮乏的环境）中都可行的减轻疼痛的干预措施，可以改善初级医疗保健。
评估口服蔗糖与母乳喂养作为6个月及以下婴儿免疫接种期间疼痛管理方法的有效性。
采用随机对照实验设计；120名婴儿被随机分配到对照组、蔗糖组或母乳喂养组。数据在埃及的一个初级卫生中心收集。在三个时间点测量包括疼痛（根据FLACC疼痛量表）、哭闹时间和心率在内的结果指标。
与蔗糖组和对照组相比，母乳喂养组在免疫接种期间和之后的疼痛评分和哭闹持续时间存在显著差异（p < .001）。
卫生工作人员和家长在免疫接种期间使用母乳喂养进行疼痛管理方面需要教育和支持。需要更多研究来评估母乳喂养与其他疼痛管理方法在管理婴儿免疫接种相关疼痛方面的有效性。
