Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Health Soc Care Community. 2019 Jul;27(4):e313-e322. doi: 10.1111/hsc.12734. Epub 2019 Mar 1.
Sheltered housing is a housing model that provides accessible apartments with elevated social possibilities for older people, which is expected to increase resident health and independence, reducing the need for care. As previous research on sheltered housing is scarce, the aim of this study was to explore the characteristics, health status and social participation of older people living in sheltered housing, compared to ageing in place. The study utilised baseline data from a matched cohort study survey on a nationally representative total population of residents in all sheltered housings in Sweden, and a matched control group (n = 3,805). The data collection took place between October 2016 and January 2017. The survey assessed functional capability using the Katz ADL and Lawton IADL scale, self-rated health using the EQ5D scale, and depressive mood using the GDS-4 scale. Descriptive statistics, frequencies, mean scores, independent t tests, p-values and effect sizes were utilised to compare the two groups. The results of the study show that older people living in sheltered housing, compared to ageing in place, had lower self-reported health (M = 64.68/70.08, p = <0.001), lower self-reported quality of life (M = 0.73/0.81, p = <0.001), lower functional status concerning activities of daily living (M = 5.19/5.40, p = <0.001), lower functional status concerning instrumental activities of daily living (M = 4.98/5.42 p = <0.001,), and higher probability of depressive mood (M = 0.80/0.58, p = <0.001). The results imply that residents in sheltered housing may have more care needs than those ageing in place. Further longitudinal comparative studies are needed to explore the impact residence in sheltered housing has on resident health and well-being.
庇护住房是一种为老年人提供无障碍公寓的住房模式，这种住房模式可以增加老年人的社交机会，预计能提高居民的健康水平和独立性，减少对护理的需求。由于之前对庇护住房的研究较少，本研究旨在探讨居住在庇护住房中的老年人的特点、健康状况和社会参与情况，并将其与原地老龄化进行比较。该研究利用了瑞典全国所有庇护住房居民的匹配队列研究调查的基线数据，以及一个匹配对照组（n=3805）。数据收集于 2016 年 10 月至 2017 年 1 月期间进行。调查使用 Katz ADL 和 Lawton IADL 量表评估功能能力，使用 EQ5D 量表评估自我报告的健康状况，使用 GDS-4 量表评估抑郁情绪。使用描述性统计、频率、平均分数、独立 t 检验、p 值和效应大小来比较两组。研究结果表明，与原地老龄化相比，居住在庇护住房中的老年人自我报告的健康状况较差（M=64.68/70.08，p<0.001），自我报告的生活质量较低（M=0.73/0.81，p<0.001），日常生活活动的功能状态较低（M=5.19/5.40，p<0.001），日常生活活动的工具性功能状态较低（M=4.98/5.42，p<0.001），且出现抑郁情绪的可能性较高（M=0.80/0.58，p<0.001）。这些结果表明，居住在庇护住房中的居民可能比原地老龄化的居民有更多的护理需求。需要进一步进行纵向比较研究，以探讨居住在庇护住房对居民健康和福祉的影响。
