Institute for Emergency Medicine and Management in Medicine, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Institute for Medical Education, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
BMJ Open. 2019 Mar 1;9(2):e025247. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025247.
Crew resource management (CRM) training formats have become a popular method to increase patient safety by consideration of the role that human factors play in healthcare delivery. The purposes of this review were to identify what is subsumed under the label of CRM in a healthcare context and to determine how such training is delivered and evaluated.
Systematic review of published literature.
PubMed, PsycINFO and ERIC were searched through 8 October 2018.
Individually constructed interventions for healthcare staff that were labelled as CRM training, or described as based on CRM principles or on aviation-derived human factors training. Only studies reporting both an intervention and results were included.
The studies were examined and coded for relevant passages. Characteristics regarding intervention design, training conditions and evaluation methods were analysed and summarised both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Sixty-one interventions were included. 48% did not explain any keyword of their CRM intervention to a reproducible detail. Operating room teams and surgery, emergency medicine, intensive care unit staff and anaesthesiology came in contact most with a majority of the CRM interventions delivered in a 1-day or half-day format. Trainer qualification is reported seldomly. Evaluation methods and levels display strong variation.
Critical topics were identified for the CRM training community and include the following: the need to agree on common terms and definitions for CRM in healthcare, standards of good practice for reporting CRM interventions and their effects, as well as the need for more research to establish non-educational criteria for success in the implementation of CRM in healthcare organisations.
人员资源管理（CRM）培训模式已成为通过考虑人为因素在医疗保健服务中的作用来提高患者安全性的一种流行方法。本研究的目的是确定在医疗保健环境下CRM 所包含的内容，并确定此类培训的交付和评估方式。
对已发表文献的系统评价。
通过 2018 年 10 月 8 日检索 PubMed、PsycINFO 和 ERIC 数据库。
针对医疗保健人员的个体化干预措施被贴上 CRM 培训标签，或描述为基于 CRM 原则或基于航空衍生的人为因素培训。仅纳入报告干预措施和结果的研究。
检查并对相关段落进行编码。对干预设计、培训条件和评估方法的特征进行了定性和定量分析和总结。
共纳入 61 项干预措施。48%的研究未对其 CRM 干预措施的任何关键字进行可重复的详细解释。手术室团队和手术、急诊医学、重症监护病房工作人员和麻醉科与大多数以 1 天或半天格式提供的 CRM 干预措施接触最多。很少有研究报告培训师的资质。评估方法和水平差异很大。
确定了 CRM 培训界的一些关键议题，包括以下方面：需要就医疗保健中 CRM 的通用术语和定义达成一致、报告 CRM 干预措施及其效果的良好实践标准，以及需要进行更多研究，以确立在医疗保健组织中实施 CRM 的非教育性成功标准。
