Graduate Programs in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Motion Analysis and Biofeedback Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Phys Ther. 2021 Feb 4;101(2). doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa207.
Gait modifications are used in the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal conditions like osteoarthritis and patellofemoral pain syndrome. While most of the research has focused on the biomechanical and clinical outcomes affected by gait modification, the process of learning these new gait patterns has received little attention. Without adequate learning, it is unlikely that the modification will be performed in daily life, limiting the likelihood of long-term benefit. There is a vast body of literature examining motor learning, though little has involved gait modifications, especially in populations with musculoskeletal conditions. The studies that have examined gait modifications in these populations are often limited due to incomplete reporting and study design decisions that prohibit strong conclusions about motor learning. This perspective draws on evidence from the broader motor learning literature for application in the context of modifying gait. Where possible, specific gait modification examples are included to highlight the current literature and what can be improved on going forward. A brief theoretical overview of motor learning is outlined, followed by strategies that are known to improve motor learning, and finally, how assessments of learning need to be conducted to make meaningful conclusions.
步态改变被用于康复肌肉骨骼疾病，如骨关节炎和髌股疼痛综合征。虽然大多数研究都集中在步态改变对生物力学和临床结果的影响上，但对学习这些新步态模式的过程却关注甚少。如果没有充分的学习，改变步态在日常生活中就不太可能进行，从而限制了长期获益的可能性。有大量文献研究运动学习，但很少涉及步态改变，尤其是在肌肉骨骼疾病患者中。由于不完全的报告和研究设计决策限制了对运动学习的有力结论，因此这些人群中的步态改变研究往往受到限制。本观点借鉴了更广泛的运动学习文献中的证据，并将其应用于改变步态的背景中。在可能的情况下，还包括了具体的步态改变示例，以突出当前文献的内容，并展示未来可以改进的方向。本文简要概述了运动学习的理论，并介绍了已知可以改善运动学习的策略，最后讨论了如何进行学习评估才能得出有意义的结论。
