Najar A, Makkouk K M, Kumari S G
National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRAT), Tunis, Tunisia.
Germplasm Program, Virology Laboratory, ICARDA, P.O. Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria.
Plant Dis. 2000 Sep;84(9):1045. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.9.1045C.
A survey conducted during April 2000 to identify viruses infecting cereal crops in different regions (Beja, Bizerte, Cap-bon, Jendouba, Kairouan, Siliana, and Zaghouan) of Tunisia covered 15 barley, 21 durum wheat, and 7 bread wheat randomly selected fields. Virus incidences were determined on the basis of laboratory testing of 100 to 200 randomly collected samples from each field. A total of 5,227 random (1,654 barley, 2,546 durum wheat, and 1,027 bread wheat) and 1,430 symptomatic (451 barley, 746 durum wheat, and 233 bread wheat) samples were collected. Samples were tested for the presence of five different viruses by tissueblot immunoassay (TBIA) (1) at the Virology Laboratory of INRAT. Antisera used were for Barley stripe mosaic virus (2), Barley yellow dwarf virus (PAV serotype) (2), Wheat streak mosaic virus (3), Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV) provided by E. Luisoni, IFA, Turino, Italy (4), and Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) provided by J. Vacke, Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague, Chech Republic. BYDVPAV was detected in seven barley (from three fields), 25 durum wheat (10 fields), and eight bread wheat (three fields) samples from all except the Siliana region. BYSMV was detected in three barley (three fields), 16 durum wheat (six fields), and four bread wheat (three fields) samples from the Beja, Bizerte, Cap-bon, Jendouba, and Siliana regions. WDV was detected in five barley (three fields), nine durum wheat (four fields), and four bread wheat (one field) samples from the Beja, Cap-bon, and Bizerte regions. BSMV was detected in 49 barley (six fields) and 25 durum wheat (five fields) samples from the Beja, Bizerte, Cap-bon, Kairouan, and Zaghouan regions. This is the first record of BYSMV, BSMV, and WDV infecting cereal crops in Tunisia, but their incidence in fields was less than 1%. However, BSMV incidence was 10.5% in one barley field from the Cap-bon region. Virus incidence in symptomatic plants was a bit higher and ranged from 0.8% for WDV in bread wheat to 6% for BSMV in barley. References: (1) K. M. Makkouk and A. Comeau. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 100:71, 1994. (2) K. M. Makkouk and S. G. Kumari. Rachis Newsl. 12(1/2):24, 1993. (3) K. M. Makkouk and S. G. Kumari. Rachis Newsl. 16(1/2):74, 1997. (4) R. G. Milne et al. Intervirology 25:83, 1986.
2000年4月开展了一项调查，旨在确定突尼斯不同地区（贝贾、比塞大、邦角、坚杜拜、凯鲁万、锡利阿纳和扎古安）感染谷类作物的病毒。该调查覆盖了随机选取的15块大麦田、21块硬粒小麦田和7块面包麦田。病毒感染率是根据对每个田块随机采集的100至200个样本进行实验室检测来确定的。总共采集了5227个随机样本（1654个大麦样本、2546个硬粒小麦样本和1027个面包小麦样本）以及1430个有症状样本（451个大麦样本、746个硬粒小麦样本和233个面包小麦样本）。在国家农业研究与技术研究所病毒学实验室，通过组织印迹免疫分析（TBIA）对样本进行了5种不同病毒的检测。所使用的抗血清分别针对大麦条纹花叶病毒（2）、大麦黄矮病毒（PAV血清型）（2）、小麦线条花叶病毒（3）、由意大利都灵IFA的E. 路易索尼提供的大麦黄条花叶病毒（BYSMV）（4）以及由捷克共和国布拉格作物生产研究所的J. 瓦克提供的小麦矮缩病毒（WDV）。除锡利阿纳地区外，在所有地区的7个大麦样本（来自3个田块）、25个硬粒小麦样本（10个田块）和8个面包小麦样本（3个田块）中检测到了BYDVPAV。在贝贾、比塞大、邦角、坚杜拜和锡利阿纳地区的3个大麦样本（3个田块）、16个硬粒小麦样本（6个田块）和4个面包小麦样本（3个田块）中检测到了BYSMV。在贝贾、邦角和比塞大地区的5个大麦样本（3个田块）、9个硬粒小麦样本（4个田块）和4个面包小麦样本（1个田块）中检测到了WDV。在贝贾、比塞大、邦角、凯鲁万和扎古安地区的49个大麦样本（6个田块）和25个硬粒小麦样本（5个田块）中检测到了BSMV。这是BYSMV、BSMV和WDV在突尼斯感染谷类作物的首次记录，但它们在田间的感染率低于1%。然而，在邦角地区的一块大麦田中，BSMV感染率为10.5%。有症状植株中的病毒感染率略高，范围从面包小麦中WDV的0.8%到大麦中BSMV的6%。参考文献：（1）K. M. 马库克和A. 科莫。《欧洲植物病理学杂志》100:71，1994年。（2）K. M. 马库克和S. G. 库马里。《穗轴新闻》12(1/2):24，1993年。（3）K. M. 马库克和S. G. 库马里。《穗轴新闻》16(1/2):74，1997年。（4）R. G. 米尔恩等人。《病毒学杂志》25:83，1986年。
