Department of Health Care Sciences, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Nursing Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall/Östersund, Sweden.
Nurs Inq. 2019 Jul;26(3):e12288. doi: 10.1111/nin.12288. Epub 2019 Mar 5.
Longitudinal qualitative research in nursing is rare but becoming more common. Data collection and analysis over time provide some intriguing possibilities to better understand processes, development, and change in illness experience, healthcare organizations, and self-management. This paper aims to present a process for analyzing qualitative longitudinal data material, namely the Pattern-Oriented Longitudinal Analysis approach (POLA). We developed this approach after synthesizing experiences from two longitudinal qualitative projects and comparing our procedures and reflections with the relevant literature. Using the POLA approach, researchers can describe complexity and variation in changes over time. During the analysis process, emphasis is put on visualizing and identifying change at both an individual and a group level. Ontological and epistemological assumptions for the approach are also described. The benefit of this approach is the possibility to describe complexity and diversity in processes over time, which is important for the development of nursing knowledge. The analysis approach can be further used and developed by researchers seeking to understand variance or contextual features in processes and changes over time.
护理领域的纵向定性研究较为少见，但正变得越来越普遍。随着时间的推移进行数据收集和分析，可以提供一些有趣的可能性，从而更好地理解疾病体验、医疗保健组织和自我管理的过程、发展和变化。本文旨在介绍一种分析纵向定性数据材料的方法，即面向模式的纵向分析方法（Pattern-Oriented Longitudinal Analysis approach，POLA）。我们在综合了两个纵向定性项目的经验后开发了这种方法，并将我们的程序和反思与相关文献进行了比较。使用 POLA 方法，研究人员可以描述随时间变化的复杂性和变异性。在分析过程中，重点放在个体和群体层面上可视化和识别变化。还描述了该方法的本体论和认识论假设。这种方法的好处是有可能描述随时间变化的过程中的复杂性和多样性，这对于护理知识的发展很重要。寻求理解随时间变化的过程和变化中的差异或情境特征的研究人员可以进一步使用和开发这种分析方法。
