Kylmä J, Vehviläinen-Julkunen K
Department of Nursing Science, University of Kuopio, Finland.
J Adv Nurs. 1997 Feb;25(2):364-71. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1997.1997025364.x.
The purpose of this study is to describe the ontological basis of hope and the epistemological solutions adopted in research on hope by reviewing research articles concerned with the subject in the field of nursing science. The material consisted of 46 articles published between 1975 and 1993, and the examination was based on the meta-analysis method. References to the ontology of hope were inductively clustered according to the principle of continuous comparison. For the analysis of epistemological solutions, the purpose of the study, population/respondents, and methods of data collection and analysis were identified. The articles reviewed focus on the essence and distinctive characteristics of hope. Although rich in detail and quite vivid, there is a certain lack of precision about the descriptions. Hope may be described as an emotion, an experience or need. A distinction is made between generalized and particularized hope. There is a clear emphasis on the necessity and the dynamism of hope. As far as its dynamics are concerned, the most important dimension is the dialectic between hope and despair. An affective, functional, contextual and temporal as well as relational dimension are distinguished in the process of hope. Research on hope consists in the main part of descriptive cross-sectional research that focuses on individuals who are unwell. The most common method of data collection is the questionnaire, while the analyses are typically based on quantitative methods. There is need for further work to clarify the concept of hope. In the field of nursing research, there is obvious need to carry out more qualitative longitudinal research. More attention should be paid to healthy individuals and families at different stages of their life cycle.
本研究旨在通过回顾护理科学领域中与希望相关的研究文章，描述希望的本体论基础以及希望研究中采用的认识论解决方案。材料包括1975年至1993年间发表的46篇文章，审查基于元分析方法。关于希望本体论的参考文献根据持续比较原则进行归纳聚类。为了分析认识论解决方案，确定了研究目的、人群/受访者以及数据收集和分析方法。所审查的文章关注希望的本质和独特特征。虽然描述丰富详细且相当生动，但在精确性上存在一定欠缺。希望可以被描述为一种情感、一种体验或一种需求。区分了广义希望和特定希望。明确强调了希望的必要性和动态性。就其动态性而言，最重要的维度是希望与绝望之间的辩证法。在希望过程中区分了情感、功能、情境、时间以及关系维度。希望研究主要包括针对身体不适个体的描述性横断面研究。最常见的数据收集方法是问卷调查，而分析通常基于定量方法。需要进一步开展工作以澄清希望的概念。在护理研究领域，显然需要开展更多定性纵向研究。应更多关注处于生命周期不同阶段的健康个体和家庭。
