Guest Nanci S, Horne Justine, Vanderhout Shelley M, El-Sohemy Ahmed
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Nutrigenomix Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada.
Front Nutr. 2019 Feb 19;6:8. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00008. eCollection 2019.
An individual's dietary and supplement strategies can influence markedly their physical performance. Personalized nutrition in athletic populations aims to optimize health, body composition, and exercise performance by targeting dietary recommendations to an individual's genetic profile. Sport dietitians and nutritionists have long been adept at placing additional scrutiny on the one-size-fits-all general population dietary guidelines to accommodate various sporting populations. However, generic "one-size-fits-all" recommendations still remain. Genetic differences are known to impact absorption, metabolism, uptake, utilization and excretion of nutrients and food bioactives, which ultimately affects a number of metabolic pathways. Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics are experimental approaches that use genomic information and genetic testing technologies to examine the role of individual genetic differences in modifying an athlete's response to nutrients and other food components. Although there have been few randomized, controlled trials examining the effects of genetic variation on performance in response to an ergogenic aid, there is a growing foundation of research linking gene-diet interactions on biomarkers of nutritional status, which impact exercise and sport performance. This foundation forms the basis from which the field of sport nutrigenomics continues to develop. We review the science of genetic modifiers of various dietary factors that impact an athlete's nutritional status, body composition and, ultimately athletic performance.
个人的饮食和补充剂策略会显著影响其身体表现。运动员群体的个性化营养旨在通过根据个人基因概况制定饮食建议，来优化健康状况、身体成分和运动表现。长期以来，运动营养师和营养学家一直善于对适用于所有人的一般人群饮食指南进行额外审查，以适应各类运动员群体。然而，通用的“一刀切”建议仍然存在。已知基因差异会影响营养素和食物生物活性物质的吸收、代谢、摄取、利用和排泄，最终影响多种代谢途径。营养基因组学和营养遗传学是利用基因组信息和基因检测技术来研究个体基因差异在改变运动员对营养素和其他食物成分反应中所起作用的实验方法。尽管很少有随机对照试验研究基因变异对使用增强运动能力辅助剂后运动表现的影响，但越来越多的研究表明基因与饮食的相互作用会影响营养状况的生物标志物，进而影响运动和体育表现。这一基础构成了运动营养基因组学领域不断发展的基石。我们综述了各种饮食因素的基因调节因子科学，这些因素会影响运动员的营养状况、身体成分，最终影响运动表现。
