Department of Health and Human Performance, Nova Southeastern University, 3401 South University Drive, Davie, FL, 33328, USA.
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, USA.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018 Aug 8;15(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s12970-018-0246-7.
A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is a strong predictor of obesity in humans. The FTO SNP (rs1421085) results in a T to C nucleotide substitution that may result in an increased risk for obesity in individuals who carry at least one C allele. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the FTO genotype in a cohort of exercise-trained men and women.
We tested 108 exercise-trained individuals that included professional mixed martial arts fighters, competitive distance runners, collegiate swimmers, stand-up paddlers as well as a cohort of recreational bodybuilders. Body composition was assessed via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Saliva samples were collected in order to genotype participants and quantify cortisol levels.
The physical characteristics of the subjects were as follows (mean±SD): body weight 74.5±15.6 kg; height 171.5±9.5 cm; bone mineral content 2.8±0.7 kg; fat mass 15.7±5.5 kg; lean body mass 55.9±14.4 kg; % body fat 21.6±7.0. Independent samples t tests showed that C allele carriers (n = 54) had significantly higher fat mass t(106) = 3.13, p < 0.01 and body fat percentage t(106) = 2.68, p < 0.01, relative to the TT group (n = 54) (i.e., fat mass: C/- 17.3 ±5.6 kg, TT 14.2±4.6 kg; body fat percentage: C/- group 23.4±7.4%, TT group 19.9±6.2). No other measures of body composition were associated with the FTO genotype (i.e., body mineral density, bone mineral content, or lean body mass). Moreover, cortisol levels were significantly higher in the TT group relative to the C allele carriers t(106) = 2.37, p = 0.02 (i.e., TT 0.35 ±0.35 μg/dL, C/- 0.22±0.16 μg/dL).
Our findings demonstrate a relationship between C allele carriers on the FTO gene and a predisposition to a higher fat mass and body fat percentage. In addition, we found no relationship between cortisol and fat mass. However, due to the cross-sectional nature of this investigation, we cannot infer causality regarding the FTO gene and body composition.
脂肪量和肥胖相关基因（FTO）中的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）是人类肥胖的强有力预测因子。FTO SNP（rs1421085）导致 T 到 C 核苷酸替换，可能导致至少携带一个 C 等位基因的个体肥胖风险增加。本研究的目的是描述一组经过锻炼的男性和女性的 FTO 基因型。
我们测试了 108 名经过锻炼的个体，包括职业混合武术战士、竞技长跑运动员、大学游泳运动员、站立式桨板运动员以及一组休闲健美运动员。通过双能 X 射线吸收法（DXA）评估身体成分。收集唾液样本以对参与者进行基因分型并量化皮质醇水平。
受试者的身体特征如下（平均值±标准差）：体重 74.5±15.6 公斤；身高 171.5±9.5 厘米；骨矿物质含量 2.8±0.7 公斤；脂肪量 15.7±5.5 公斤；瘦体重 55.9±14.4 公斤；体脂百分比 21.6±7.0。独立样本 t 检验显示，C 等位基因携带者（n=54）的脂肪量 t(106)=3.13，p<0.01 和体脂百分比 t(106)=2.68，p<0.01，与 TT 组（n=54）（即脂肪量：C/-17.3±5.6 公斤，TT 14.2±4.6 公斤；体脂百分比：C/-组 23.4±7.4%，TT 组 19.9±6.2%）相比。FTO 基因型与身体成分的其他任何指标均无关（即身体矿物质密度、骨矿物质含量或瘦体重）。此外，与 C 等位基因携带者相比，TT 组的皮质醇水平显著更高 t(106)=2.37，p=0.02（即 TT 组 0.35±0.35μg/dL，C/-组 0.22±0.16μg/dL）。
我们的研究结果表明，FTO 基因上的 C 等位基因携带者与更高的脂肪量和体脂百分比之间存在相关性。此外，我们发现皮质醇与脂肪量之间没有关系。然而，由于本研究的横断面性质，我们不能推断 FTO 基因与身体成分之间的因果关系。
