Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2019 Feb;23(4):1626-1633. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201902_17122.
The clinical use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in regenerative medicine either in tissue repair or tissue reconstruction has given highly interesting results thanks to their particular nature. Sources that have attracted the attention of medical scientists from where stem cells (SCs) in adults could be obtained are different and, dental tissues have certainly become an optimal source of MSCs. Dental tissue is a main reservoir of two types of MSCs dental bud (DBSCs) that constitute the immature precursor of the tooth and dental pulp (DPSCs) that are derived from dental inner pulp and partly from dental follicle tissue and can differentiate into several cell phenotypes as osteoblast, chondrocyte, hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, neuron and β cells.
Normal impacted third molars and tooth buds were collected from adults and adolescents underwent to extractions for orthodontic reasons. The expression of the five stemness genes Nanog, OCT4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4 were investigated by qRT-PCR in two different dental stem/progenitor cells: dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and stem cells from dental bud (DBSCs), differentiated toward osteoblastic phenotype and not.
Both DPSCs and DBSCs are easy to access and we found their expression of the typical mesenchymal stemness makers and osteogenic capacity due to the effective presence of embryonic gene regulators like Nanog, OCT4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4. Both DBSCs and DPSCs could represent a valid tool in regenerative medicine and translational applications.
The results depicted here provide, for the first time to our knowledge, a comparative outcome about the stemness properties generated from accessible tissues such as DPSCs and DBSCs. These two types of SCs showed few different distinctive genetic traits supposedly in relation to their origin, location and stage of maturation. Certainly these SCs reserve solid potential for human clinical application in autologous procedure for bone, hard tissue and soft tissue regeneration, easy to isolate, ready availability, high-biocompatibility and safety and no ethical restrictions.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）在再生医学中的临床应用，无论是在组织修复还是组织重建方面，由于其特殊性质，都取得了非常有趣的结果。吸引医学科学家关注的干细胞（SCs）来源各不相同，而牙齿组织无疑已成为 MSCs 的最佳来源。牙齿组织是两种类型的 MSC 的主要储存库，牙源性基质细胞（DBSCs）构成牙齿的未成熟前体细胞，而牙髓干细胞（DPSCs）则来源于牙髓内的组织，部分来源于齿槽组织，可分化为成骨细胞、软骨细胞、肝细胞、心肌细胞、神经元和β细胞等多种细胞表型。
从因正畸原因接受拔牙的成年人和青少年中收集正常阻生的第三磨牙和牙胚。通过 qRT-PCR 检测两种不同的牙源性干细胞/祖细胞（牙髓干细胞 [DPSCs] 和牙源性基质细胞 [DBSCs]）中 5 种干性基因 Nanog、OCT4、Sox2、c-Myc 和 Klf4 的表达，这些细胞向成骨表型分化和未分化。
DPSCs 和 DBSCs 都很容易获得，我们发现它们表达典型的间充质干性标志物，并具有成骨能力，这归因于胚胎基因调节剂如 Nanog、OCT4、Sox2、c-Myc 和 Klf4 的有效存在。DBSCs 和 DPSCs 都可以成为再生医学和转化应用的有效工具。
这里描述的结果首次提供了关于从可及组织（如 DPSCs 和 DBSCs）产生的干性特性的比较结果。这两种类型的干细胞显示出一些不同的遗传特征，这些特征可能与它们的起源、位置和成熟阶段有关。这些干细胞无疑为同种异体骨、硬组织和软组织再生的人类临床应用提供了坚实的潜力，它们具有易于分离、易于获得、高生物相容性和安全性以及无伦理限制等优点。
