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使用 DART-MS 从口腔细胞中测量的槟榔碱可作为咀嚼槟榔的准确生物标志物。

Areca alkaloids measured from buccal cells using DART-MS serve as accurate biomarkers for areca nut chewing.

机构信息

University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.

University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam.

出版信息

Drug Test Anal. 2019 Jun;11(6):906-911. doi: 10.1002/dta.2585. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

DOI:10.1002/dta.2585
PMID:30845375
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6554057/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Areca nut (AN) chewing is carcinogenic and biomarkers reflecting it are urgently needed to determine the effectiveness of emergent cessation programs. Buccal cells (BCs) may serve as an ideal matrix to measure such biomarkers; however, their utility for this purpose is unknown. Direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS) is a sensitive technique that analyzes materials in the open air and requires minimal/no sample preparation. We utilized DART-MS to analyze BCs to test the usefulness of this method in measuring areca alkaloids as biomarkers for AN chewing.

METHODS

We applied DART-MS in positive-ion mode to quantitate over time human BCs: (a) exposed ex vivo to betel quid extracts (BQE) consisting of young AN, Piper betle L. leaf, slaked lime, and tobacco; and (b) obtained from seven chewers before and after BQ chewing. Quantification was performed by normalizing DART-MS alkaloid signal intensities to cholesterol intensities.

RESULTS

Signals for areca alkaloids arecoline and arecaidine-guvacoline were detected in BCs exposed ex vivo to BQE up to 7 days (the last day tested) after exposure and in BCs from chewers up to 3 days (the last day tested) post chewing.

DISCUSSION

The presence of alkaloid signals in BQ-exposed BCs verified BCs as a valid matrix and DART-MS as a suitable technique to measure biomarkers for AN chewing and provided reliable information on AN chewing timing.

CONCLUSION

DART-MS analyses of BCs can be used to accurately determine areca alkaloids as AN chewing biomarkers up to 3 days post chewing and possibly longer.

摘要

背景

槟榔（AN）咀嚼具有致癌性，迫切需要能够反映其致癌性的生物标志物来评估紧急戒烟计划的效果。口腔颊黏膜细胞（BC）可能是衡量此类生物标志物的理想基质；然而，其在这方面的应用尚不清楚。实时直接分析-质谱（DART-MS）是一种灵敏的技术，可在开放空气中分析物质，且几乎不需要/无需样品制备。我们利用 DART-MS 分析 BC，以测试该方法在测量槟榔碱等 AN 咀嚼生物标志物方面的有用性。

方法

我们采用正离子模式 DART-MS 随时间定量分析人类 BC：（a）体外暴露于由新鲜槟榔、荖叶、熟石灰和烟草组成的槟榔液提取物（BQE）；（b）从 7 名咀嚼者在咀嚼 BQ 前后获取。通过将 DART-MS 生物碱信号强度与胆固醇强度进行归一化来进行定量。

结果

在体外暴露于 BQE 的 BC 中，检测到槟榔碱arecoline 和 arecaidine-guvacoline 的信号，在咀嚼者的 BC 中也检测到，最长可达 3 天（最后一天检测）。

讨论

BQ 暴露的 BC 中存在生物碱信号证实了 BC 作为有效基质和 DART-MS 作为适合测量 AN 咀嚼生物标志物的技术，为 AN 咀嚼时间提供了可靠信息。

结论

DART-MS 分析 BC 可用于准确测定 3 天内（最长可达 3 天）的槟榔碱作为 AN 咀嚼生物标志物，并且可能更长。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4eb6/6554057/c4c3f2ee3f9c/nihms-1018148-f0002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4eb6/6554057/9478ee4ab7bf/nihms-1018148-f0001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4eb6/6554057/c4c3f2ee3f9c/nihms-1018148-f0002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4eb6/6554057/9478ee4ab7bf/nihms-1018148-f0001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4eb6/6554057/c4c3f2ee3f9c/nihms-1018148-f0002.jpg

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Chemical Markers for Short- and Long-Term Areca Nut Exposure.短期和长期槟榔碱暴露的化学标志物。
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