Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis.
Department of Psychology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis.
J Psychopathol Clin Sci. 2023 May;132(4):514-526. doi: 10.1037/abn0000820. Epub 2023 Apr 6.
The current study examined whether impairments in cognitive and neural factors at baseline (ages 9-10) predict initial levels or changes in psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and whether such impairments generalize to other psychopathology symptoms (i.e., internalizing and externalizing symptoms). Using unique longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study data, the study examined three time points from ages 9 to 13. Univariate latent growth models examined associations between baseline cognitive and neural metrics with symptom measures using discovery ( = 5,926) and replication ( = 5,952) data sets. For symptom measures (i.e., PLEs, internalizing, externalizing), we examined mean initial levels (i.e., intercepts) and changes over time (i.e., slopes). Predictors included neuropsychological test performance, global structural MRI, and several a priori within-network resting-state functional connectivity metrics. Results showed a pattern whereby baseline cognitive and brain metric impairments showed the strongest associations with PLEs over time. Lower cognitive, volume, surface area, and cingulo-opercular within-network connectivity metrics showed associations with increased PLEs and higher initial levels of externalizing and internalizing symptoms. Several metrics were uniquely associated with PLEs, including lower cortical thickness with higher initial PLEs and lower default mode network connectivity with increased PLEs slopes. Neural and cognitive impairments in middle childhood were broadly associated with increased PLEs over time, and showed stronger associations with PLEs compared with other psychopathology symptoms. The current study also identified markers potentially uniquely associated with PLEs (e.g., cortical thickness). Impairments in broad cognitive metrics, brain volume and surface area, and a network associated with information integration may represent risk factors for general psychopathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
当前的研究考察了基线（9-10 岁）时认知和神经因素的损伤是否预测类精神病体验（PLEs）的初始水平或变化，以及这些损伤是否推广到其他精神病理学症状（即，内化和外化症状）。利用独特的纵向青少年大脑认知发展研究数据，该研究在 9 至 13 岁期间考察了三个时间点。单变量潜增长模型使用发现（n=5926）和复制（n=5952）数据集，考察了基线认知和神经指标与症状测量之间的关联。对于症状测量（即 PLEs、内化、外化），我们考察了初始平均水平（即截距）和随时间的变化（即斜率）。预测因子包括神经心理学测试表现、全脑结构 MRI 和几个预先设定的静息状态功能连接网络内指标。结果显示，基线认知和大脑指标损伤与随时间推移的 PLEs 之间存在最强的关联模式。较低的认知、体积、表面积和扣带-前运动网络内连接指标与 PLEs 的增加以及外化和内化症状的初始水平较高有关。几个指标与 PLEs 具有独特的关联，包括皮质厚度较低与初始 PLEs 较高以及默认模式网络连接较低与 PLEs 斜率增加有关。儿童中期的神经和认知损伤与随时间推移的 PLEs 增加广泛相关，并且与 PLEs 的关联比其他精神病理学症状更强。本研究还确定了可能与 PLEs 具有独特关联的标志物（例如皮质厚度）。广泛认知指标、大脑体积和表面积以及与信息整合相关的网络的损伤可能代表一般精神病理学的风险因素。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2023 APA，保留所有权利）。
