Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital, 1 Maguire Road, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2019 Mar 9;21(4):22. doi: 10.1007/s11920-019-1006-3.
We review the recent literature regarding the implications of gender on the diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in women and adolescent females. We also discuss important clinical observations in treating this population.
Growing research supports gender specificity in ASD symptom presentation. Differing phenotypes, psychiatric co-morbidities, and level of "camouflaging" (behavioral coping strategies to conceal symptoms for use in social situations) are thought to further contribute to the discrepancy in prevalence rates and resulting misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis in adolescent females and women. Both nosological and cultural factors appear to be contributing to differences in the diagnosis of ASD in women. These differences in presentation have important implications for late diagnosis, treatment of ASD, and the quality of life for women with autism.
我们回顾了近期关于女性和青春期女性孤独症谱系障碍（ASD）诊断和治疗中性别影响的文献，同时讨论了治疗这一人群的重要临床观察。
越来越多的研究支持 ASD 症状表现的性别特异性。不同的表型、精神共病和“伪装”（为在社交场合中隐藏症状而使用的行为应对策略）程度，被认为进一步导致了青春期女性和女性中患病率差异以及由此导致的误诊或延迟诊断。分类学和文化因素似乎都对女性 ASD 的诊断差异有影响。这些表现上的差异对 ASD 的晚期诊断、治疗以及自闭症女性的生活质量有重要影响。
