Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr., MS4063, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5122, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Genetics, and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2019 Mar 9;21(4):26. doi: 10.1007/s11920-019-1008-1.
We review the search for genetic variants that affect the risk for alcohol dependence and alcohol consumption.
Variations in genes affecting alcohol metabolism (ADH1B, ALDH2) are protective against both alcohol dependence and excessive consumption, but different variants are found in different populations. There are different patterns of risk variants for alcohol dependence vs. consumption. Variants for alcohol dependence, but not consumption, are associated with risk for other psychiatric illnesses. ADH1B and ALDH2 strongly affect both consumption and dependence. Variations in many other genes affect both consumption and dependence-or one or the other of these traits-but individual effect sizes are small. Evidence for other specific genes that affect dependence is not yet strong. Most current knowledge derives from studies of European-ancestry populations, and large studies of carefully phenotyped subjects from different populations are needed to understand the genetic contributions to alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorders.
我们综述了寻找影响酒精依赖和饮酒风险的遗传变异的研究。
影响酒精代谢的基因（ADH1B、ALDH2）的变异对酒精依赖和过量饮酒都有保护作用，但不同的变异在不同的人群中存在。酒精依赖和饮酒的风险变异模式不同。与酒精依赖相关的风险变异，而不是与饮酒相关的风险变异，与其他精神疾病的风险相关。ADH1B 和 ALDH2 强烈影响饮酒和依赖。许多其他基因的变异既影响饮酒又影响依赖，或者只影响其中一个特征，但个体效应大小较小。目前还没有强有力的证据表明其他特定基因会影响依赖。大多数现有知识来自于欧洲血统人群的研究，需要对来自不同人群的精心表型研究对象进行大型研究，以了解遗传对饮酒和酒精使用障碍的贡献。
