Fowler Natasha, Vo Phuong T, Sisk Cheryl L, Klump Kelly L
Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, 316 Physics Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1116, USA.
Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 293 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1116, USA.
F1000Res. 2019 Feb 27;8. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.16895.1. eCollection 2019.
Previous research has demonstrated significant associations between increased levels of ovarian hormones and increased rates of binge eating (BE) in women. However, whereas all women experience fluctuations in ovarian hormones across the menstrual cycle, not all women binge eat in response to these fluctuations, suggesting that other factors must contribute. Stress is one potential contributing factor. Specifically, it may be that hormone-BE associations are stronger in women who experience high levels of stress, particularly as stress has been shown to be a precipitant to BE episodes in women. To date, no studies have directly examined stress as a moderator of hormone-BE associations, but indirect data (that is, associations between BE and stress and between ovarian hormones and stress) could provide initial clues about moderating effects. Given the above, the purpose of this narrative review was to evaluate these indirect data and their promise for understanding the role of stress in hormone-BE associations. Studies examining associations between all three phenotypes (that is, ovarian hormones, stress, and BE) in animals and humans were reviewed to provide the most thorough and up-to-date review of the literature on the potential moderating effects of stress on ovarian hormone-BE associations. Overall, current evidence suggests that associations between hormones and BE may be stronger in women with high stress levels, possibly via altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to stress and increased sensitivity to and altered effects of ovarian hormones during stress. Additional studies are necessary to directly examine stress as a moderator of ovarian hormone-BE associations and identify the mechanisms underlying these effects.
先前的研究表明，女性卵巢激素水平升高与暴饮暴食（BE）发生率增加之间存在显著关联。然而，尽管所有女性在月经周期中都会经历卵巢激素的波动，但并非所有女性都会因这些波动而暴饮暴食，这表明一定还有其他因素在起作用。压力就是一个潜在的影响因素。具体而言，可能在经历高水平压力的女性中，激素与暴饮暴食之间的关联更强，尤其是因为压力已被证明是女性暴饮暴食发作的诱因。迄今为止，尚无研究直接考察压力作为激素与暴饮暴食关联的调节因素，但间接数据（即暴饮暴食与压力之间以及卵巢激素与压力之间的关联）可以为调节作用提供初步线索。鉴于上述情况，本叙述性综述的目的是评估这些间接数据及其在理解压力在激素与暴饮暴食关联中的作用方面的前景。我们对研究动物和人类中所有三种表型（即卵巢激素、压力和暴饮暴食）之间关联的研究进行了综述，以提供关于压力对卵巢激素与暴饮暴食关联的潜在调节作用的最全面和最新的文献综述。总体而言，目前的证据表明，在压力水平较高的女性中，激素与暴饮暴食之间的关联可能更强，这可能是通过下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺轴对应激反应的改变以及在应激期间对卵巢激素的敏感性增加和作用改变来实现的。需要进一步的研究来直接考察压力作为卵巢激素与暴饮暴食关联的调节因素，并确定这些作用背后的机制。
