School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, UK; Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology, Japan.
Faculty of Human Sciences, Takachiho University, Japan; School of Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Woman's Christian University, Japan.
Cognition. 2019 Jun;187:108-125. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2019.02.011. Epub 2019 Mar 8.
Emotional arousal often facilitates memory for some aspects of an event while impairing memory for other aspects of the same event. Across three experiments, we found that emotional arousal amplifies competition among goal-relevant representations, such that arousal impairs memory for multiple goal-relevant representations while enhancing memory for solo goal-relevant information. We also present a computational model to explain the mechanisms by which emotional arousal can modulate memory in opposite ways via the local/synaptic-level noradrenergic system. The model is based on neurophysiological observations that norepinephrine (NE) released under emotional arousal is locally controlled by glutamate levels, resulting in different NE effects across regions, gating either long-term potentiation or long-term depression by activating different adrenergic receptors depending on NE concentration levels. This model successfully replicated behavioral findings from the three experiments. These findings suggest that the NE's local effects are key in determining the effects of emotion on memory.
情绪唤醒通常会促进对事件某些方面的记忆，同时损害对同一事件其他方面的记忆。在三项实验中，我们发现情绪唤醒会放大目标相关表征之间的竞争，从而损害对多个目标相关表征的记忆，同时增强对单一目标相关信息的记忆。我们还提出了一个计算模型，以解释情绪唤醒如何通过局部/突触水平去甲肾上腺素系统以相反的方式调节记忆的机制。该模型基于神经生理学观察，即在情绪唤醒下释放的去甲肾上腺素（NE）受谷氨酸水平的局部控制，导致不同区域的 NE 效应不同，通过根据 NE 浓度水平激活不同的肾上腺素受体，从而开启或关闭长时程增强或长时程抑制。该模型成功复制了三个实验中的行为发现。这些发现表明，NE 的局部效应是决定情绪对记忆影响的关键。
