Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Jun 10;668:566-576. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.446. Epub 2019 Mar 1.
Bacteriological contamination of water sources is a major challenge that has a detrimental impact on both the environment and human health. This imposes the search for the most efficient disinfectant. Despite their antibacterial efficiency, traditional methods can often form disinfection byproducts through their reaction with organic and inorganic compounds. Substitutes for conventional bacterial inactivation methods should not produce harmful byproducts and must also be cost effective. Nanotechnology is an attractive option that is suited for surface reactions as nanostructures offer large surface to volume ratios. Technologies using chitosan-modified nanocomposites and carbon nanotubes have proven to offer promising alternatives for bacterial inactivation. To enhance their antibacterial efficiency, such technologies have been modified chemically and physically and have as well been associated with other treatment techniques. However, despite their high bacterial disinfection efficacy and lack of treatment byproducts, the vagueness in bacterial inactivation mechanisms and complexity in materials preparation have often obscured their wide scale application. The aim of this manuscript is to review the recent advances in bacterial disinfection using nanomaterials, in the form of chitosan and carbon nanotubes. The rapid rate of research and the notable progress in this area dictate the frequent compilation and dissemination of recent introductions to this field. Existing gaps in the literature are thus also highlighted and reported discrepancies are pinpointed so that roadmaps for future studies may be figured.
水源的细菌污染是一个重大挑战，对环境和人类健康都有不利影响。这就需要寻找最有效的消毒剂。尽管传统方法具有抗菌效率，但它们通常会与有机和无机化合物反应生成消毒副产物。传统细菌灭活方法的替代品不应产生有害的副产物，而且必须具有成本效益。纳米技术是一种有吸引力的选择，适合表面反应，因为纳米结构提供了大的表面积与体积比。已证明壳聚糖改性纳米复合材料和碳纳米管技术为细菌灭活提供了有前途的替代方法。为了提高其抗菌效率，这些技术已经进行了化学和物理改性，并与其他处理技术相结合。然而，尽管它们具有很高的杀菌消毒效果且没有处理副产物，但细菌灭活机制的模糊性和材料制备的复杂性常常阻碍了它们的广泛应用。本文的目的是综述近年来使用壳聚糖和碳纳米管等纳米材料进行细菌消毒的最新进展。该领域的研究进展迅速，因此需要经常对该领域的最新介绍进行汇编和传播。因此，本文也强调了文献中的现有差距，并指出了存在的差异，以便为未来的研究制定路线图。
