Asadi Shahi Sabrieh, Roudbar Mohammadi Shahla, Roudbary Maryam, Delavari Hamid
Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Prog Biomater. 2019 Mar;8(1):43-50. doi: 10.1007/s40204-019-0109-6. Epub 2019 Mar 11.
Candida albicans (C. albicans) belongs to the opportunistic fungal pathogens, which cause a wide spectrum of infections in immune-compromised patients. Graphene oxide (GO), a biocompatibility agent, has been reported to exhibit effective antimicrobial activity. In the present study, a graphene oxide/fluconazole (GO/Flu) compound was synthesized and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The antifungal activity of GO/Flu was examined against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans (ATCC 10231) compared to GO and Flu using the broth microdilution method, according to CLSI protocol. DNA fragmentation was assessed through the antifungal mechanism of GO/Flu. The release of Fluin PBS medium was measured. Moreover, the cytotoxicity effect of GO/Flu on SW480 cell line was evaluated. Indeed, adhesion ability of C. albicans-treated GO/Flu against SW480 cell line was assessed. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of GO, Flu, and GO/Flu was determined at 800 µg/mL, 16 µg/mL, and 400-9 µg/mL, respectively. Notably, GO/Flu exhibited an intense antifungal activity compared to GO and Flu. In addition, GO/Flu showed much less cell toxicity against SW480 cell line than GO and Flu (P < 0.05). The release determination of Flu in PBS (pH 7.4) medium was 72.42%. GO/Flu reduced the adhesion ability of C. albicans to SW480 cell line significantly. DNA fragmentation assay indicated that GO/Flu potentially degraded the DNA of C. albicans and caused a fungicidal influence. According to the findings, GO/Flu could enhance the antifungal activity against C.albicans through DNA fragmentation with low cytotoxicity effect.
白色念珠菌属于机会性真菌病原体，可在免疫功能低下的患者中引起广泛的感染。氧化石墨烯（GO）作为一种生物相容性试剂，已被报道具有有效的抗菌活性。在本研究中，合成了氧化石墨烯/氟康唑（GO/Flu）复合物，并使用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和拉曼光谱对其进行了表征。根据CLSI协议，采用肉汤微量稀释法，检测了GO/Flu对耐氟康唑白色念珠菌（ATCC 10231）的抗真菌活性，并与GO和氟康唑进行了比较。通过GO/Flu的抗真菌机制评估了DNA片段化情况。测定了氟康唑在PBS培养基中的释放量。此外，评估了GO/Flu对SW480细胞系的细胞毒性作用。实际上，评估了经白色念珠菌处理的GO/Flu对SW480细胞系的黏附能力。GO、氟康唑和GO/Flu的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）分别测定为800μg/mL、16μg/mL和400 - 9μg/mL。值得注意的是，与GO和氟康唑相比，GO/Flu表现出强烈的抗真菌活性。此外，与GO和氟康唑相比，GO/Flu对SW480细胞系的细胞毒性要小得多（P < 0.05）。氟康唑在PBS（pH 7.4）培养基中的释放量测定为72.42%。GO/Flu显著降低了白色念珠菌对SW480细胞系的黏附能力。DNA片段化分析表明，GO/Flu可能降解了白色念珠菌的DNA并产生了杀菌作用。根据研究结果，GO/Flu可通过DNA片段化增强对白色念珠菌的抗真菌活性，且细胞毒性较低。
