Laguna-Teno Felix, Suarez-Diez Maria, Tamayo-Ramos Juan Antonio
International Research Centre in Critical Raw Materials-ICCRAM, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain.
Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Aug 11;11:1943. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01943. eCollection 2020.
Graphene oxide has become a very appealing nanomaterial during the last years for many different applications, but its possible impact in different biological systems remains unclear. Here, an assessment to understand the toxicity of different commercial graphene oxide nanomaterials on the unicellular fungal model organism was performed. For this task, an RNA purification protocol was optimized to avoid the high nucleic acid absorption capacity of graphene oxide. The developed protocol is based on a sorbitol gradient separation process for the isolation of adequate ribonucleic acid levels (in concentration and purity) from yeast cultures exposed to the carbon derived nanomaterial. To pinpoint potential toxicity mechanisms and pathways, the transcriptome of exposed to 160 mg L of monolayer graphene oxide (GO) and graphene oxide nanocolloids (GOC) was studied and compared. Both graphene oxide products induced expression changes in a common group of genes (104), many of them related to iron homeostasis, starvation and stress response, amino acid metabolism and formate catabolism. Also, a high number of genes were only differentially expressed in either GO (236) or GOC (1077) exposures, indicating that different commercial products can induce specific changes in the physiological state of the fungus.
在过去几年中，氧化石墨烯已成为一种极具吸引力的纳米材料，可用于许多不同的应用，但它对不同生物系统可能产生的影响仍不明确。在此，我们对不同商业氧化石墨烯纳米材料对单细胞真菌模式生物的毒性进行了评估。为此，我们优化了一种RNA纯化方案，以避免氧化石墨烯对核酸的高吸附能力。所开发的方案基于山梨醇梯度分离过程，用于从暴露于碳基纳米材料的酵母培养物中分离出足够水平（浓度和纯度）的核糖核酸。为了确定潜在的毒性机制和途径，我们研究并比较了暴露于160 mg/L单层氧化石墨烯（GO）和氧化石墨烯纳米胶体（GOC）的酵母的转录组。两种氧化石墨烯产品均在一组共同的基因（104个）中诱导了表达变化，其中许多基因与铁稳态、饥饿和应激反应、氨基酸代谢以及甲酸分解代谢有关。此外，大量基因仅在GO（236个）或GOC（1077个）暴露中差异表达，这表明不同的商业产品可诱导真菌生理状态的特定变化。
