Environmental Health Research Participant, Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health, 1900 M St NW Suite 710, Washington D.C. 20036, USA.
Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Jun 10;668:760-767. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.009. Epub 2019 Mar 2.
Despite reported health benefits of urban greenspace (gs), the epidemiological evidence is less clear for allergic disease. To address a limitation of previous research, we examined the associations of medium- and high-resolution residential gs measures and tree and/or grass canopies with allergic outcomes for children enrolled in the longitudinal cincinnati childhood allergy and air pollution study (ccaaps). We estimated residential gs based on 400 m radial buffers around participant addresses (n = 478) using the normalized differential vegetation index (ndvi) and land cover-derived urban greenspace (ugs) (tree and grass coverage, combined and separate) at 30 m and 1.5-2.5 m resolution, respectively. Associations between outdoor aeroallergen sensitization and allergic rhinitis at age 7 and residential gs measures at different exposure windows were examined using multivariable logistic regression models. A 10% increase in ugs-derived grass coverage was associated with an increased risk of sensitization to grass pollens (adjusted odds ratio [aor]: 1.27; 95% confidence interval = 1.02-1.58). For each 10% increase in ugs-derived tree canopy coverage, nonstatistically significant decreased odds were found for grass pollen sensitization, tree pollen sensitization, and sensitization to either (aor range = 0.87-0.94). Results similar in magnitude to ugs-tree canopy coverage were detected for ndvi and allergic sensitizations. High-resolution (down to 1.5 m) gs measures of grass- and tree-covered areas showed associations in opposite directions for different allergy outcomes. These data suggest that measures strongly correlated with tree canopy (e.g., ndvi) may be insufficient to detect health effects associated with proximity to different types of vegetation or help elucidate mechanisms related to specific gs exposure pathways.
尽管城市绿地（gs）据称对健康有益，但过敏疾病的流行病学证据并不明确。为了解决以前研究的局限性，我们研究了中分辨率和高分辨率的住宅 gs 测量值以及树木和/或草地树冠与参加辛辛那提儿童过敏和空气污染研究（ccaaps）的儿童过敏结果之间的关联。我们使用归一化差异植被指数（ndvi）根据参与者地址周围的 400m 辐射缓冲区（n=478）估算了住宅 gs，使用 30m 和 1.5-2.5m 分辨率的土地覆盖衍生城市绿地（ugs）（树木和草地覆盖面积，组合和单独）分别获得。使用多变量逻辑回归模型研究了不同暴露窗口下户外气传过敏原致敏和过敏性鼻炎与住宅 gs 测量值之间的关系。ugs 衍生草覆盖率每增加 10%，与对草花粉致敏的风险增加相关（调整后的优势比[aor]：1.27；95%置信区间[ci]：1.02-1.58）。ugs 衍生树木树冠覆盖率每增加 10%，草花粉致敏、树木花粉致敏和任何一种致敏的几率都呈非统计学显著下降（aor 范围为 0.87-0.94）。与 ugs 树冠覆盖率相似的结果也在 ndvi 和过敏致敏中发现。grass-和 tree-covered 区域的高分辨率（低至 1.5m）gs 测量值对不同过敏结果显示出相反方向的关联。这些数据表明，与树冠高度密切相关的测量值（例如，ndvi）可能不足以检测与接近不同类型植被相关的健康影响，也无法帮助阐明与特定 gs 暴露途径相关的机制。
