Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Faculty of Biology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Allergens in Ecosystems, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Environ Res. 2020 Dec;191:110132. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110132. Epub 2020 Aug 24.
We investigated whether residing in places with higher greenness, more trees and more allergenic trees early in life increases the risk of allergic outcomes, and whether these associations differ depending on the concentration of air pollutants.
The analytic sample included 631 children from the German birth cohort LISA Leipzig. Asthma and allergic rhinitis, sensitization to aeroallergens and food allergens, as well as confounders, were collected prospectively up to 15 years. Greenness was assessed by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). A tree registry was used to derive information on trees, which were classified into allergenic and non-allergenic. Annual average concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO) and ozone were also used. Geographic exposures were assigned to home addresses at birth. Longitudinal associations were analysed using generalized estimating equations.
Medium and high numbers (tertiles) of trees and allergenic trees in a 500 m buffer around birth addresses were associated with increased odds of allergic rhinitis up to 15 years regardless of NDVI. These exposures were also related to higher odds of sensitization to aeroallergens. Associations with asthma and sensitization to food allergens were less consistent. Effect estimates for allergic rhinitis were stronger in the high tertile of NO compared to the low tertile, while an opposite tendency was observed for ozone.
We observed that early life residence in places with many trees, and allergenic trees specifically, may increase the prevalence of allergic rhinitis later in life. This association and its modification by air pollution should be pursued in further studies.
我们研究了在生命早期生活在绿化程度较高、树木较多和过敏原树木较多的地方是否会增加过敏结果的风险，以及这些关联是否因空气污染物浓度而异。
分析样本包括德国出生队列 LISA Leipzig 的 631 名儿童。前瞻性收集了哮喘和过敏性鼻炎、对气传过敏原和食物过敏原的致敏情况以及混杂因素，直至 15 年。绿化程度通过归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）进行评估。使用树木登记册获取树木信息，这些树木被分为过敏原和非过敏原。还使用了二氧化氮（NO）和臭氧的年平均浓度。地理暴露值根据出生时的家庭住址分配。使用广义估计方程分析纵向关联。
在出生地址周围 500 米缓冲区内，树木数量较多（三分位）和过敏原树木数量较多与 15 年内过敏性鼻炎的发病几率增加有关，无论 NDVI 如何。这些暴露还与气传过敏原致敏的几率增加有关。与哮喘和食物过敏原致敏的关联不太一致。与低三分位相比，高 NO 三分位的过敏鼻炎的效应估计值更强，而臭氧则呈现相反的趋势。
我们观察到，生命早期生活在树木较多、特别是过敏原树木较多的地方，可能会增加生命后期过敏鼻炎的患病率。应在进一步的研究中探讨这种关联及其对空气污染的修饰作用。
