Kline A S, Anderson E J
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701.
Plant Dis. 1997 Aug;81(8):959. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.8.959C.
Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic potyvirus (CABMV) is one of several seed-borne viruses known to limit cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata) production in Africa, Europe, and Asia, but CABMV has not been reported on commercially grown cowpeas in the United States (1). However, a sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)-infecting isolate of CABMV was recently characterized from plants growing near cowpea introduction plots in Georgia (2). In February 1997, we received samples of three seed lots of cowpea cv. Chinese Red that had been harvested in southern Texas during 1996. Approximately 28% of the plants grown from these seed lots expressed strong mosaic symptoms on primary and trifoliate leaves. Viruslike symptoms were reproduced following mechanical transmission to plants of Chinese Red cowpea, Nicotiana benthamiana, and soybean (Glycine max L.) cv. Lee. When Coronet and Pinkeye Purple Hull-BVR cowpeas were inoculated with sap extracts from symptomatic Chinese Red plants, chlorotic lesions developed on inoculated leaves, but only Coronet plants supported symptomless systemic infections. Similarly inoculated plants of Chenopodium quinoa (L.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cvs. Pinto and Black Valentine developed localized chlorotic lesions. In Ouchterlony gel diffusion assays, extracts from symptomatic cowpea plants did not react with antisera to blackeye cowpea mosaic potyvirus (BlCMV), cucumber mosaic cucu-movirus (CMV), southern bean mosaic sobemovirus, cowpea mosaic comovirus, cowpea severe mosaic comovirus, or cowpea chlorotic mottle bromovirus. In the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, sap extracts from symptomatic plants reacted with antiserum to CABMV, giving OD values at A of 0.10 to 0.25, and reacted weakly with antiserum to BlCMV, with OD values at A less than 0.035. Extracts from healthy control plants gave OD values at A less than 0.010. No positive reactions were obtained with antisera to bean yellow mosaic potyvirus, peanut mottle potyvirus, soybean mosaic potyvirus, or CMV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CABMV in commercially grown cowpea from the U.S. References: (1) A. G. Gillaspie et al. Plant Dis. 79:388, 1995. (2) H. R. Pappu et al. Arch. Virol. 142:1, 1997.
豇豆蚜传花叶马铃薯Y病毒（CABMV）是已知的几种种传病毒之一，这些病毒限制了非洲、欧洲和亚洲豇豆（Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata）的产量，但美国商业化种植的豇豆中尚未报道过CABMV（1）。然而，最近从佐治亚州豇豆引种地块附近生长的植物中鉴定出了一种感染芝麻（Sesamum indicum L.）的CABMV分离株（2）。1997年2月，我们收到了1996年在得克萨斯州南部收获的三个豇豆品种“中国红”种子批次的样本。从这些种子批次种植的植株中，约28%的植株在初生叶和三出复叶上表现出强烈的花叶症状。将这些有症状的“中国红”豇豆、本氏烟草和大豆（Glycine max L.）品种“李氏”植株进行机械接种后，再现了类似病毒的症状。用有症状的“中国红”植株的汁液提取物接种“科罗内特”和“粉红眼紫荚 - BVR”豇豆时，接种叶片上出现了褪绿斑，但只有“科罗内特”植株支持无症状的系统感染。同样接种藜（Chenopodium quinoa (L.)）和菜豆（Phaseolus vulgaris L.）品种“平托”和“黑瓦伦丁”的植株出现了局部褪绿斑。在琼扩凝胶扩散试验中，有症状的豇豆植株提取物与黑眼豇豆花叶马铃薯Y病毒（BlCMV）、黄瓜花叶黄瓜病毒（CMV）、南方菜豆花叶病毒、豇豆花叶病毒、豇豆严重花叶病毒或豇豆褪绿斑驳病毒的抗血清均无反应。在间接酶联免疫吸附试验中，有症状植株的汁液提取物与CABMV抗血清发生反应，A405值为0.10至0.25，与BlCMV抗血清反应较弱，A405值小于0.035。健康对照植株提取物的A405值小于0.010。与菜豆黄花叶病毒、花生斑驳病毒、大豆花叶病毒或CMV的抗血清均未获得阳性反应。据我们所知，这是美国商业化种植豇豆中首次报道CABMV。参考文献：（1）A. G. Gillaspie等人，《植物病害》79:388，1995年。（2）H. R. Pappu等人，《病毒学档案》142:1，1997年。
