O'Neill T M, Shtienberg D, Elad Y
Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
Plant Dis. 1997 Jan;81(1):36-40. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.1.36.
The susceptibility of tomato stems to infection by Botrytis cinerea and the influence of temperature and humidity on disease development were investigated with stem pieces and whole plants. Stem rotting resulted after inoculation of wounded stems with a conidial suspension in water or with dry conidia; no symptoms developed following inoculation of unwounded stems. The proportion of inoculated stems developing Botrytis rot increased as the inoculum concentration was increased from 10 to 10,000 conidia per stem. Stem susceptibility to infection declined from 60 to 8% as wound age increased from 0 to 24 h before inoculation. Wounded stem pieces maintained in a low vapor pressure deficit (VPD) environment (<0.2 kPa) remained susceptible for a longer period than those maintained at a high VPD. Infection and stem rotting occurred at temperatures of 5 to 26°C, with disease development most rapid at 15°C. Sporulation was optimal at 15°C and did not occur within 20 days of incubation at 5 or 26°C. Incubation at high humidity following inoculation of fresh wounds (VPD <0.2 kPa) did not increase infection incidence or tissue rotting, compared with incubation at a VPD >1.3 kPa; however, incubation at the lower VPD did increase the intensity of sporulation.
利用茎段和整株番茄研究了番茄茎对灰葡萄孢感染的敏感性以及温度和湿度对病害发展的影响。用水中的分生孢子悬浮液或干分生孢子接种受伤茎后会导致茎腐烂；接种未受伤的茎后未出现症状。随着接种量从每茎10个分生孢子增加到10000个分生孢子，接种后发生灰霉腐烂的茎的比例增加。随着接种前伤口年龄从0小时增加到24小时，茎对感染的敏感性从60%下降到8%。与保持在高蒸汽压亏缺（VPD）环境下相比，保持在低VPD环境（<0.2 kPa）中的受伤茎段在更长时间内仍保持易感性。在5至26°C的温度下发生感染和茎腐烂，在15°C时病害发展最快。产孢在15°C时最佳，在5或26°C下培养20天内不产孢。与在VPD>1.3 kPa下培养相比，接种新鲜伤口后在高湿度下培养（VPD<0.2 kPa）不会增加感染发生率或组织腐烂；然而，在较低VPD下培养确实会增加产孢强度。
