School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia; Fish Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Cilegon, Banten, Indonesia.
School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2019 May;88:567-577. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.012. Epub 2019 Mar 11.
A two phased feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of alternative protein sources on the immunophysiological responses of marron. During the phase I, marron were fed with five alternative protein supplemented diets for 90 days, while in phase II, the same marron were exposed to elevated temperature (30 °C) and their immunophysiological responses were investigated post exposure. Five isoproteic (crude protein 30%) and isoenergetic diets were prepared by containing fishmeal, poultry by-product meal, feather meal, lupin meal, and meat and bone meal as the main protein source. A hundred and fifty juvenile marron (Cherax cainii) of the average weight 9.09 ± 0.21 g were randomly distributed into 15 tanks (three replicates per feeding treatments). In the Phase I, general immune response parameters, such as, total haemocyte count (THC), proportion of hyaline cells, neutral red retention time (NRRT), phagocytic rate (PR), heamolymph bacteraemia, and condition indices of marron were investigated. The highest (P < 0.05) THC among dietary protein sources was obtained in marron fed with PbM at the end of experiment. Marron fed with FeM protein sources resulted in the highest survival rate followed by PbM fed group. Longer microvilli length (3.83 ± 0.18 μm) was demonstrated in marron fed with PbM diet. Diets containing FM and PbM protein sources revealed significantly (P < 0.05) lower number of microvilli/group than diets containing FeM and LM. The results demonstrated that different dietary protein sources in the marron diets did not detect significant (P > 0.05) change of the condition indices throughout the experiment period, however highest Hiw and Hid was recorded in marron fed with PBM at day 45. The PR of marron fed dietary protein from PbM did not change significantly after temperature exposure. Increased NRRT, PR and haemolymph bacteraemia was observed with dietary feeding of FM at the end of the trial. However, results revealed that PbM could be an alternative protein source for culture of marron as reflected in terms of increased THC, longer microvillus length and improved susceptibility to high temperature exposure. Overall, result could serve as useful baseline data in developing cost effective potential diets for marron aquaculture.
进行了两阶段饲养试验，以评估替代蛋白质源对淡水小龙虾免疫生理反应的影响。在第一阶段，淡水小龙虾用 5 种添加替代蛋白质源的饲料喂养 90 天，而在第二阶段，同样的淡水小龙虾暴露于高温（30°C）下，并在暴露后调查其免疫生理反应。通过含有鱼粉、禽副产物粉、羽毛粉、羽扇豆粉、肉骨粉作为主要蛋白质源，制备了 5 种等蛋白（粗蛋白 30%）和等能的饲料。150 只平均体重为 9.09±0.21g 的幼年淡水小龙虾（Cherax cainii）被随机分配到 15 个水箱中（每个饲养处理 3 个重复）。在第一阶段，研究了总血细胞计数（THC）、透明细胞比例、中性红保留时间（NRRT）、吞噬率（PR）、血淋巴菌血症和淡水小龙虾的条件指数等一般免疫反应参数。在实验结束时，从喂食 PbM 的淡水小龙虾中获得了最高的（P<0.05）总血细胞计数。从喂食 FeM 蛋白质来源的淡水小龙虾中获得了最高的存活率，其次是喂食 PbM 的组。喂食 PbM 饮食的淡水小龙虾的微绒毛长度（3.83±0.18μm）最长。含有 FM 和 PbM 蛋白质源的饮食与含有 FeM 和 LM 的饮食相比，微绒毛/组的数量显著（P<0.05）较低。结果表明，在整个试验期间，不同的蛋白质源在淡水小龙虾饮食中并没有显著改变（P>0.05）条件指数，但在第 45 天喂食 PBM 的淡水小龙虾中记录到最高的 Hiw 和 Hid。暴露于温度后，喂食 PbM 蛋白质的淡水小龙虾的 PR 没有明显变化。在试验结束时，用 FM 进行饮食喂养会增加 NRRT、PR 和血淋巴菌血症。然而，结果表明，PbM 可以作为淡水小龙虾养殖的替代蛋白质源，因为 THC 增加、微绒毛长度增加和对高温暴露的敏感性提高。总的来说，这些结果可以作为开发经济有效的淡水小龙虾水产养殖潜在饲料的有用基线数据。
