Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100097, China.
Sci Rep. 2019 Mar 14;9(1):4439. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-38695-4.
A field experiment was carried out for two years to investigate the benefits of negative pressure water supply on surface soil water content, nitrate-nitrogen (NO-N) distribution in the soil profile, economic yield and water and fertilizer use efficiency of tomato and cucumber under greenhouse cultivation in the North China Plain. The experiment included two irrigation treatments: drip irrigation with nutrient solution (DIN) and negative pressure irrigation with nutrient solution (NIN). The results showed that the NIN treatment had a relatively stable soil moisture (about 87% of field capacity), and the fluctuation of soil water content in the 0-20 cm soil layer was 20.6%-25.0% during the experiment period in 2014-2015, which was less than the range of 19.2%-28.1% in the DIN treatment. In both the DIN and NIN treatments, the NO-N at the end of the four growing seasons was mainly distributed in the 0-40 cm soil layer and showed a gradually increasing trend as the number of cultivation years increased. Compared with the DIN treatment, the NO-N content in the 0-60 cm layer of the NIN treatment was significantly decreased by 19.7%-28.0% after the fourth growing season. The NIN treatment produced the highest economic yield with lower water and nutrient input than the DIN treatment, however, no significant difference was observed in tomato and cucumber yield in the two years. Average irrigation water use efficiency (WUE) and partial factor productivity of fertilizer (PFP) over the study period were all significantly improved under the NIN treatment relative to the DIN treatment, with increases of 26.2% and 25.7% (P < 0.05), respectively. Negative pressure water supply not only maintained a high fruit yield, but significantly increased WUE and PFP, indicating a great advantage in water and fertilizer saving compared with drip irrigation.
一项为期两年的田间试验研究了负压供水对华北地区温室番茄和黄瓜土壤表土水分、土壤剖面硝态氮分布、经济产量以及水氮利用效率的影响。试验包括两种灌溉处理：滴灌施肥（DIN）和负压灌溉施肥（NIN）。结果表明，NIN 处理下土壤水分相对稳定（田间持水量的 87%左右），2014-2015 年试验期间 0-20 cm 土层土壤水分含量波动范围为 20.6%-25.0%，小于 DIN 处理的 19.2%-28.1%。在 DIN 和 NIN 处理中，四个生长季后的末期硝态氮主要分布在 0-40 cm 土层，随着种植年限的增加呈逐渐增加的趋势。与 DIN 处理相比，NIN 处理在第四个生长季后 0-60 cm 土层的硝态氮含量降低了 19.7%-28.0%。NIN 处理的经济产量最高，水氮投入量低于 DIN 处理，但两年间番茄和黄瓜的产量无显著差异。与 DIN 处理相比，NIN 处理在整个研究期间的平均灌溉水利用效率（WUE）和肥料偏生产力（PFP）均显著提高，分别提高了 26.2%和 25.7%（P<0.05）。与滴灌相比，负压供水不仅保持了较高的果实产量，还显著提高了 WUE 和 PFP，在节水节肥方面具有很大优势。
